temtKmkv Iznkv 2011 ]T\klmbn

sI.kn._n.kn. ss__nÄ I½ojsâbpw
tIcf Im¯enIv ss__nÄ skmsskänbpsSbpw kwbpàm`napJy¯nÂ

temtKmkv Iznkv 2011

1. ]pd-¸mSv 16þ24, 2. a¯mbn 15þ28, 3. ]t{Xmkv FgpXnb H¶mw teJ\w

sI.kn._n.kn. ]»nt¡j³kv ]n.H.kn. ]memcnh«w, sIm¨n þ 682 025

12þmaXv temtKmkv saKmbÚw

temtKmkv \nXyw \ne\nev¡p¶p (]t{Xm 1:25). \nXyXbpsS temtKmkn\p ImenIip{iqj sN¿m³ adnbs¯t¸mse £WnXm¡fmWv \mtamcpcp¯cpw. Ignª HcphÀj¡meambn temtKmkv Iznkv 2011þ\mbn \mw Hcp§ns¡m­ncn¡pIbmWv. ]pd 16þ24, a¯mbn 15þ28, ]t{Xmknsâ H¶mw teJ\w F¶o hnip²{KÙ-`mK§Ä F{Xtbm h«w \mw hmbn-¨pIgnªp! F{Xtbm Ipdn-¸pIÄ \mw X¿mdm¡n¡gnªp! F{Xsb{X [ym\mßIamb \nanj§Ä Cu ss__nÄ `mK§sf tI{µoIrXam¡n \mw sNehn«pIgnªp! CXv kXy¯n Hcp bÚw Xs¶bmWv þ ssZhhN\-¯nsâ kvt\tlm]mk\!

temtKmkv Iznkn\v Ime-¯ns\m¯ \hoIcW§Ä hcp¯p¶Xnsâ `mKambn Hm¬þsse³ cPnkvt{Sj³ GÀs¸Sp¯m³ 2010 Pqsse amk¯nseSp¯ Xocpam\w Cu hÀjw \mw \S¸nem¡pIbmWv. {]mcw-`-¯n {iaIcsa¶p tXm¶ntb¡mhp¶ Cu \qX\ kwcw`w Gsd KpWIcsa¶p {ItaW sXfnbpw. Hcn¡Â data entry \S¯nbm _m¡n Imcy§sfÃmw £Wt\c-¯nÂXs¶ km[yamIpw. am{XaÃ, Hcn¡Â ASn¨pIbänb data hcp¶ hÀj§fnepw D]bpàam¡m\mIpw. `mhnbn temtKmkn\v ]pXnb cq]-`mh§Ä k½m\n¡m³ km[yXbpÅ Cu kwcw`w hnPbn-¸n¡m\mbn ap³ssI FSp¡p¶ ss__nÄ At¸mkvXteäv UbdIvSÀamÀ¡pw aXt_m[\ UbdIvSÀamÀ¡pw aäp `mchmlnIÄ¡pw C¡mcy-¯n {]tXyIw \µn tcJs¸Sp-¯ns¡mÅs«.

]mT-`mK§Ä IqSpX {Kln¡m³ klmbI§fmbn X¿mdm¡s¸«hbmWv Cu eLp]T\¡pdn-¸pIÄ. ss__nfn\p ]pdta Chbpw Iznkv ]¦mfnIÄ \nÀ_Ôambpw hmbns¨mcpt§­XmWv. Ch X¿mdm¡nb {]ikvX ss__nÄ ]WvUnXcmb dh. tUm. tPmk^v ate-¸d¼nen\pw dh. tUm. sXtck¡pw {]tXyIw \µn.

aÕc-¸co£bv¡v BsI 103 tNmZy§fmWpÅXv. Ahbn BZys¯ 100 tNmZy§Ä icnbmb D¯c§sf kqNn-¸n¡p¶ A£c§fpsS tImf§Ä Idp-¸n¡m\pÅXmWv. ]mT-`mK§fnÂ\n¶v 95 tNmZy§fpw eLp]T\¡pdn-¸pIfnÂ\n¶v 5 tNmZy§fpw ]co£bv¡v D­mbncn¡pw. Ahkm\s¯ aq¶p tNmZy§Ä¡v Npcp§nb hm¡pIfn D¯csagpXWw.

Cu hÀjs¯ cq]XmXe aÕc-¸co£ 2011 sk]vXw_À 25þmw XobXn RmbdmgvNbmbncn¡pw. cq]XmXe hnPbnIÄ¡mbn 2011 \hw_À 27þmw XobXn AJne tIcf aÕc-¸co£ ]n.H.kn.bnÂh¨v \S-¯s¸Spw. IgnªhÀjs¯ kwØm\XehnPbnIfpsS t^mt«mbpw cq]XmXehnPbnIfpsS t]cphnhc§fpw Cu eLp]T\-¯n DÄs¸Sp-¯nbn«p­v. AhÀs¡ÃmhÀ¡pw {]tXyI A\ptamZ\§Ä!

km{µamb hNt\m]mk\bn Z¯{i²cmbncn¡p¶ \n§sf hN\w Xs¶bmb ssZhw kar²ambn A\p{Kln¡s«!

kvt\lmZc§tfmsS,

dh. tUm. tPmjn a¿mänÂ
sk{I«dn, sI.kn._n.kn ss__nÄ I½oj³ & sI.kn._n.Fkv.

]pd¸mSv 16þ24

Cu hÀjs¯ temtKmkv Iznkn\pÅ ]gb\nba `mKw ]pd-¸mSnsâ ]pkvXI-¯nÂ\n¶pÅ ]Xn\mdpapX Ccp]-¯n\mephscbpÅ H³]Xv A[ymb§fmWv. IgnªhÀjw ]pd-¸mSp ]pkvXI-¯n\v HcmapJhpw AtXmsSm¸w BZy]Xn\©v A[ymb§Ä¡v Npcp§nb hm¡pIfn hniZoIcWhpw \evInbncp¶Xv HmÀ¡p¶p­mhpatÃm. C{]mhiyw ]pkvXI-¯n\v BapJw BhiyanÃm-¯Xn\mÂ, Ipd-¨pIqSn hniZoIcWw \evImsa¶p IcpXpIbmWv. AXpsIm­v Hmtcm A[ymb§fpsSbpw s]mXphmb {]tabw, a\Ênem¡m³ _p²nap«pÅhbpsS {]tXyI hniZoIcWw, AhXcn-¸n¡p¶ ssZhimkv{Xho£W§Ä F¶nh \evIp¶Xn\v Cu Ipdn¸v {]tbmP\s¸Sp-¯msa¶p IcpXp¶p.
]gb\nba-¯nse BZys¯ A©p]pkvXI§fn ]pd-¸mSp]pkvXIwXs¶bmWv tI{µØm\-¯phcp¶sX¶p \ap¡dnbmw. ImcWw, C{kmtb P\s¯ Hcp P\am¡nbXv ]pd-¸mSpkw-`hw Xs¶. AhÀ ssZh-¯nsâ kz´w P\amsW¶pw ssZhw X§fpsS kz´w ssZhamsW¶pw AhÀ BZyambn A\p-`hn-¨dnbp¶Xpw ssZh-¯nsâ \bn¡en\v AhÀ BZyambn hnt[bs¸Sp¶Xpw hnhcn¡p¶Xv ]pd-¸mSp]pkvXI¯nemWv. ]pd-¸mSp]pkvXI-¯nsâ tI{µambn hcp¶ ]¯pIev]\Ifpw DS¼Snbpw Cu hÀjw \ap¡p ]Tn¡m\pÅ `mK¯phcp¶psh¶Xv {]tXyI {]m[m\yaÀln¡p¶ ImcyamWv.

A[ymbw 16
sN¦S IS¶v jqÀacp-`qanbnse amdmbnse¯n AhnsS\n¶v \ocpdhIfpsS Øeamb Genw tZi-¯ph¶XphscbpÅ kw`h§fmWv ]pd-¸mSp]pkvXI-¯nsâ ]Xn\©mw A[ymb-¯n \mw I­Xv. AXn\ptijw kn³acp-`qanbnse-¯nb P\w `£W-¯n\pth­n apdhnfnIq«p¶Xpw AhÀ¡v AÛpXIcambn a¶mbpw ImS-¸£nbpw \evIp¶XpamWv ]Xn\mdmas¯ A[ymb-¯n \mw ImWp¶Xv.

sN¦S IS¶v C{kmtb P\w ko\mbv acp-`qanbntebv¡p {]thin-¨t¸mÄ t\cn« {]XnkÔnIsf IÀ¯mhnsâ ]co£W§fmbn«mWv s]mXpsh hn. {KÙImc-·mÀ hymJym\n¡p¶Xv. ssZhw CuPn]vXpImsc ]¯p almamcnIÄ sIm­v in£n-¨Xpt]mse C{kmtbens\ ]¯p ]co£W§fneqsS IS¶pt]mIm\\phZn-¨psIm­v Ahsc in£Whnt[bam¡p¶ ssZhs¯ \mw ImWpIbmWv. BZyambn t\cn« {]XnkÔn AYhm ssZh-¯nsâ ]co£Ww ZmlPe£maambncp¶p. AXmWv ]Xn\©mas¯ A[ymb-¯nsâ Ahkm\w \mw I­Xv. c­mas¯ ]co£WamWv ]Xn\mdma[ymb-¯n \mw ImWp¶Xv. Poh³ \ne\nÀ¯m³th­nbpÅ `£W¯nsâ Bhiyw am{XaÃ, amwkw `£n¡m\pÅ AhcpsS AXymisb¡qSn AhcpsS ]cmXn hyàam¡p¶p­v. tamibv¡pw Altdm\psaXncmbn«mWv AhÀ ]cmXn ]dbp¶sX¦nepw AhcpsS ]cmXn BXy-´nIambn bmlvthbvs¡Xncmbn«mWv F¶Xpw tamibpsS hm¡pIÄ hyàam¡p¶p. a¶bpw ImS-¸£nIfpw \evIn IÀ¯mhv Ahsc Xr]vXcm¡p¶p.

a¶: ko\mbv acp-`qanbn kzm`mhnIambn e`yamIp¶ H¶mWv Cu A[ymb-¯n ]cmaÀin¡p¶ a¶mbpw ImS-¸£nbpw. a¶bpsS e`yXsb-¸än c­`n{]mb§fmWv KthjIcpsS CSbnepÅXv. ko\mbv aebnepÅ Gsk F¶ Hcn\w ac-¯nsâ CfwNnÃIfn Pq¬amk-¯n s]m«nhcp¶ a[pcapÅ IdbmWv a¶sb¶pw, AXÃ, tX\o-¨Isft¸msebpÅ Nne {]mWnIfmWv C¯cw sNSnIfn \n¶p \ocpIpSn¨v a¶bpÂ]mZn-¸n¡p¶sX¶pw A`n{]mbap­v. lo{_phn Gsk F¶p hnfn¡s¸Sp¶ hr£-¯n\v Xadnkv¡v F¶v Cw¥ojv ]cn-`mjbpw `m\pIhr£sa¶pw (DXv] 21:33) ]nNpehr£sa¶pw (1 kmap 22; 33:13) Hm¡pacsa¶pw (1 Zn\ 10:12) ]n.H.kn. ss__nÄ ]cn`mjIfpw ImWmw. ssZh]cn]me\bpsS henb ASbmfambncp¶p acp-`qanbn h¨p e`n¨ Cu `£Ww. CuPn]vXnÂ\n¶p h¶ C{kmtbeyÀ¡v A]cnNnXambncp¶ Cu hkvXp I­v AhÀ 'CsX´v?' (am³lp) F¶p tNmZn-¨Xn \n¶mWv a¶ F¶ t]cp­mbXv F¶p hn. {KÙw ]dbp¶p.

ioXIme¯p tZim-´cKa\w \S-¯p¶ Nne ]£nIfmWv ImS-¸£nIÄ F¶mWv ]WvUnXaXw. B{^n¡bnÂ\n¶p ioXImew Ignªv bqtdm-¸ntebv¡p aS§p¶ ]£nIÄ¡v CS-¯mhfambncn¡Ww ko\mbv acp`qan. ]d¶p XfÀ¶ncn¡p¶ Cu ]£nIfmImw AhÀ¡p `£Wambn-¯oÀ¶Xv.

km_¯v: hn{ian¡pI, hncmaanSpI F¶ AÀ°amWv Cu lo{_p]Z-¯n\pÅXv. {Ko¡nepw aäp `mjIfnepw aebmf-¯n¯s¶bpw CtX lo{_p]Zw Nne hyXnbm\§tfmsS D]tbmKn¡p¶p. km_¯v \nbaw a\pjy\·bv¡pth­nbmWv. a\pjy³ A[zm\n¡Wsa¶v ssZhw Iev]n¡pt¼mgpw A[zm\n¡p¶XpsIm­pam{Xaà Ahsâ PohnX-¯n\mhiyambpÅh e`n¡p¶sX¶pIqSn ssZhw ]Tn-¸n¡p¶p­v. AXpt]mse BhiyambpÅh k¼mZn¡p¶Xn\p]Icw BÀ¯n ImWn¡p¶Xv a\pjy\p D]Icn¡pIbnsöp am{XaÃ, Ahsâ t¢iw hÀ²n-¸n¡p¶p F¶pw Bhiy-¯n IqSpXepÅ a¶mtiJcWw ]Tn¸n¡p¶p.

A[ymbw 17

]Xnt\gmas¯ A[ymb-¯n kn³acp`qanbnÂ\n¶p ]pds¸«v d^oZnan F¯nb P\s¯bmWp ImWp¶Xv. IpSn\ocn\pth­n Icª P\-¯n\v AÛpXIcambn ]mdbnÂ\n¶p Pew \evIp¶Xpw AateIycpambn C{kmtb P\X \S-¯p¶ bp²hpw ChnsS hnhcn¡p¶p.

amdm F¶ Øes¯-¯nb C{kmtbÂP\w IpSn\ocn\mbn heªXpt]mse d^oZnanse-¯nb P\hpw IpSn\ocn\pth­n apdhnfn Iq«pIbmWv. amdmbnÂh¨v tamibvs¡Xntc ]ndp]ndp¯ P\w, ChnsSh¨v H¶S¦w tamibv¡pw Altdm\psaXntc ]ndp]ndp¡p¶p, AXnep]cn, AXv BhemXnbpw {]Xntj[hpambn amdp¶p. tami IÀ¯mhnt\mSp \nehnfn-¨p]dbp¶XnÂ\n¶v AXp hyàamWv: 'Gsd-¯maknbmsX AhÀ Fs¶ IsÃdnbpw'. tamitbm IÀ ¯mthm P\s¯ imkn¡p¶nÃ. IÀ¯mhp tamisb C{kmtb t{ijvT-·mcpsam-¯v, \ZnbpsSta ASn¡m\p]tbmKn¨ hSnbpsaSp¸n¨v P\-¯n\papt¼ \bn¡p¶p, tlmsd_nse ]mdta IÀ¯mhp\nev¡psa¶ hmKvZm\hpambn. IÀ¯mhp]dªXpt]mse tami sNbvXp. B Øe-¯n\p amkm F¶pw saco_m F¶pw t]cn«p. ']co£n¡pI' F¶À°apÅ \mkm F¶ lo{_p]Z-¯nÂ\n¶mWv amkm F¶Xnsâ \njv]-¯n. 'Ipäw Btcm]n¡pI', 'aÕcn¡pI' Fs¶ms¡ AÀ°apÅ do_v F¶ [mXphnÂ\n¶mWv saco_m F¶ t]cnsâ DÛhw.

d^oZnan Xmakn-¨ncp¶ C{kmtbeysc B{Ian¨ AateIyÀs¡Xntc tamibpsS \nÀt±i{]Imcw tPmjz BfpIsf XncsªSp¯v bp²-¯n\nd§nbt¸mÄ tami ssZh-¯nsâ hSn ssIbnseSp¯v Altdmt\mSpw lqdnt\mSpsam¸w aeapIfn Ibdn\n¶p. tamibpsS am[yØiàn shfnhm¡nb bp²ambncp¶p AXv. tamibpsS ssIIÄ DbÀ¶p\n¶t¸msgÃmw C{kmtbeyÀ hnPbnIfmbn. kqcymkvXabwhsc Ahsâ ssIIÄ DbÀ¶p\n¶p. tPmjz AateIyscsbÃmw hogv¯n. C¡mcy§Ä IÀ¯mhnsâ \nÀt±i{]Imcw ]pkvXI-¯nsegpXn. tami Hcp _en]oTw ]WnXv 'IÀ¯mhv Fsâ ]XmI' F¶À°apÅ bmlvsh\nÊn F¶p t]cp\evIn. AateIycpambpÅ \nc-´cbp²w IÀ¯mhnsâ bp²ambn AhXcn-¸n-¨psIm­mWv A²ymbw Ahkm\n¡p¶Xv.

AateIyÀ: bmt¡m_nsâ ktlmZc\mb Gkmhnsâ hwi-¯nÂs¸«hcmWv AateIyÀ (DXv] 36:12). ko\mbvacp-`qanbv¡pw Im\m³tZi-¯n\pw at[ybpÅ s\sK_mbncp¶p AateIycpsS ]«Wsa¶pw ChÀ C{kmtb¡mcpambn \nc-´cw bp²-¯nembncp¶psh¶pw kwJybpsS ]pkvXI-¯n ImWp¶p (13:29; 14:45).

A[ymbw 18
tamibpw A½mbnb-¸\mb Pt{Xmbpw X½nepÅ I­pap«emWv Cu A[ymb¯n ImWp¶Xv. c­p `mK§Ä Cu A[ymb-¯n {]ISamWv. 1þ12 hmIy§Ä tami Pt{Xmbpambn hntij§Ä ssIamdp¶Xpw Pt{Xm _enbÀ¸n¡p¶Xpw tamitbmSpw C{kmtbÂt{ijvT-·mcpsam¯p `£Ww Ign¡p¶XpamWv hnhcn¡p¶Xv. F¶m 13 apX 27 hscbpÅ hmIy§fn Pt{XmbpsS \nÀt±i{]Imcw, tami `cWkwhn[m\¯n th­ A\pcq]W§Ä hcp-¯p¶XmWv hnhcn¡p¶Xv.

tamisb kvt\ln¡pIbpw Ahsâ ZuXyw Xncn-¨dnªv th­ klmbw sN¿pIbpw sN¿p¶Xn A\y\m«pImc\mb Pt{Xm k·\Êp ImWn¡p¶p­v. kz´w P\§fpsS CSbnÂ\n¶v Hfnt¨mSns¨¶ tamibv¡p `h\hpw, `mcybmbn aIsfbpw \evInbh\mWv Pt{Xm. CuPn]vXn tamibpsS ZuXy\nÀÆlWIme¯v tami Xsâ `mcysb Ip«nItfmsSm¸w Xncn-¨b-¨t¸mgpw Ahsc At±lw kwc£n-¨pt]m¶p F¶p IcpXmw. ImcWw, tami Ahsc Xncn-¨b-¨t¸mÄ At±lw Ahsc kzoIcn-¨psh¶pw C{kmtbeycpsS tamN\w km[yambt¸mÄ tamibpsS `mcysbbpw a¡sfbpw sIm­v At±lw tamibpsS ASp¯v F¯nt¨À¶p F¶pw Cu A[ymb¯n ImWp¶p­v. Pt{Xm Ahscbpw sIms­-¯nbt¸mÄ tami At±ls¯ D]Nmc]qÀÆw kzoIcn¨v Ipiew ]dªtijw IÀ¯mhv AhÀ¡pth­n sNbvX Imcy§Ä hnhcn-¨p]dbp¶p. Pt{Xm AXn BËmZn-¨v ssZhs¯ kvXpXn¡p¶p. _enIÄ AÀ¸n¡pIbpw AhtcmsSm¸w `£W-¯n ]¦ptNcpIbpw sN¿p¶p. CsXÃmw tamibpw Pt{Xmbpw X½nepÅ lrZb ASp-¸s¯ hyàam¡p¶p­v. AXpsIm­pXs¶bmImw tamibpsS `cWImcy-¯nepw CSs]Sphm³ At±l-¯n\p kzmX{´yw tXm¶nbXpw At±lw \evInb \nÀt±i§Ä DNnXhpw kzoImcyhpambn tamibv¡v A\p`hs¸«Xpw. Ignhpw ssZh`bhpw DÅhcpw kXykÔcpw ssI¡qen shdp¡p¶hcpamb BfpIsf P\-¯nÂ\n¶p XncsªSp¯v Ahsc Bbnchpw \qdpw A¼Xpw ]¯pw hoXapÅ KW§fpsS A[n]-·mcmbn \nban¡phm³ Pt{Xm Iev]n-¨t¸mÄ tami AX\pkcn-¨p. AhÀ P\§fpsSbnSbn \oXn\S-¯n. kp{][m\amb Imcy§Ä am{Xta tamibv¡p ssIImcyw sNt¿­n h¶pÅq.
Pt{Xmsb aäp t]cpIfnepw ]gb\nbaw AhXcn-¸n¡p¶p­v. tamibpsS A½mbnb-¸³, anZnbm³Imc\pw ]ptcmlnX\pamb dhpthemsW¶p ]pd-¸mSp]pkvXIw c­ma[ymbw ]dbpt¼mÄ anZnbm³Imc\pw ]ptcmlnX\pamb Pt{Xm F¶p aq¶mw A[ymbhpw A½mbnb-¸³ Pt{Xm BsW¶p \memw A[ymbhpw ]dbp¶p. F¶m At±ls¯ tlm_m_v F¶pw ]cnNbs¸Sp-¯p¶p­v kwJybpsS ]pkvXIw (kwJy 10:29þ32).

A[ymbw 19

]pd-¸mSp]pkvXI-¯nsâ am{XaÃ, ]©{KÙnbpsSbpw ]gb\nba-¯nsâ Xs¶bpw tI{µamWv ko\mbv DS¼Sn. ]pd-¸mSp]pkvXI-¯nse Cu A[ymbw apXepÅ Ccp]-¯nc­[ymb§fpw tehycpsS ]pkvXIhpw Cu DS¼Snsb¡pdn-¨mWp ]dbp¶Xv. \nbamhÀ¯\{KÙhpw Cu DS¼SnbpsS hniZoIcWambn«mWv AhXcn-¸n¡s¸«ncn¡p¶Xv. d^oZnanÂ\n¶p]pds¸«v AhÀ ko\mbvaebpsS ASnhmc-¯n F¯n AhnsS ]mfbaSn¨p. blqZsc kw_Ôn-¨nSt¯mfw ae ssZhkm¶n[y{]tZiamWv. AXpsIm­v tami ssZhk¶n[nbntebv¡p Ibdns¨¶Xns\ aebntebv¡p Ibdns¨¶Xmbn«p a\Ênem¡mw. AhnsSh¨v ssZhw DS¼Snsb¡pdn¨p tamibpambn kwkmcn¡p¶p. AtXmsSm¸w I\-¯taL-¯nsâ km¶n[yhpw ssZhkm¶n[y-¯nsâ ASbmfambn AhnS¶p ImWn-¨psImSp¡p¶p. X\n¡v Gäw {]nbs¸« P\w, hnip²P\w, hnip²ntbmsS Xs¶ kao]nt¡­Xn\p sNt¿­ Hcp¡§sf¡pdn¨v AhnS¶p tamitbmSp ]dbpIbpw tami AXp P\s¯ Adnbn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. aq¶mw Znhkw IÀ¯mhv ko\mbvaeapIfn AXniàhpw `oXnZhpamb {]Xn-`mk§tfmsS Cd§nh¶v tamisb aeapIfntebv¡p hnfn-¨p. tamibpw Altdm\psamgn¨v aämcpw Xs¶ kao]n¡cpXv F¶dnbn¡pIbpw tami Cd§ns¨¶v AXp P\s¯ Adnbn¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

IgpIsâ NndIpIÄ: C{kmtben\p in£Whpw kpc£nXXzhpw \evIp¶ ssZhs¯ kqNn-¸n¡phm³ ss__nÄ D]tbmKn¡p¶ at\mlcamsbmcp {]XoIamWv 'IgpIsâ NndIpIÄ' F¶Xv. DbÀ¶ ]mdbnSp¡ntem henb ac-¯nsâ sIm¼ntem BWv IgpI³ IqSpIq«p¶Xv. ss[cyhpw, NndIpIÄ¡p iànbpw Ipdª Xsâ Ipªp§sf ]cnioen-¸n¡pIbpw kwc£Ww \evIpIbpw sN¿p¶ IgpIs\t¸mse C{kmtben\pth­n {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ ssZhw \½psS ap¼n kzbw Nn{XoIcn¡p¶p. IqSnsâ kpc£nXXzw Xmev¡menIamsW¦nepw AXpt]£n¡m³ aSnImWn¡p¶ Ipªp§sf¡­v XÅ¡gpI³ AXp Ip¯ns¸mfn¡p¶p. ac-¯n AÅn-¸nSn-¨ncn¡p¶ Ipªns\ XÅnbnSpIbpw sN¿p¶p. F¶m hogp¶ Ipªns\ Xsâ iàamb NndIpIfn Xm§n kpc£nXXzhpw ]d¡phm³ ]cnioe\hpw \evIpw. Cu ]cn]mSn ]eXhW BhÀ¯n¡pIbpw Ipªv kzmX{´y-¯nsâ A\-´hnlmbÊntebv¡p ]d¶pbcpIbpw sN¿pw. CuPn]vXnsâ ASna-¯-¯nepw kpc£nXXzw ImWp¶ C{kmtbensâ kz`mhw AhcpsS ]ndp]ndp¡enÂ\n¶p a\Ênem¡mw. Im\m³tZis¯-¯nbn«nÃm¯ AhcpsS \nÊlmbmhØbpw ssZhw ImWp¶p­v. AXpsIm­v in£Whpw iàamb kwc£Whpw \evIp¶ ssZhs¯ IgpIsâ NndIpIÄ F¶ {]XoI-¯neqsS AhXcn-¸n¡p¶Xv ssZhs¯ {]IrXnklPamb {]Xn-`mk§fneqsS a\Ênem¡p¶ hn. {KÙImcsâ kmaÀ°ys¯ shfnhm¡p¶p­v.

A[ymbw 20

AXn\p tijw ]¯p {]amW§Ä Acpfns¨¿pIbmWhnS¶v. H¶mw {]amWambn, ASna-¯-¯nsâ `h\amb CuPn]vXnÂ\n¶p C{kmtbens\ tamNn-¸n-¨h\mbn«v ssZhw Xs¶-¯s¶ AhÀ¡p shfns¸Sp-¯pIbpw Xm\ÃmsX aäp tZh³amÀ \n\¡p­mIcpsX¶v' C{kmtbent\mSp Iev]n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. IÀ¯mhnsâ \maw hrYm D]tbmKn¡cpsX¶pw IÀ¯mhnsâ Znhkw AYhm km_¯v hnip²ambn BNcn¡Wsa¶pw hniZoIcWw \evIns¡m­v AhnS¶p XpSÀ¶p Iev]n¡p¶p. ]n¶oSpÅ Ggp {]amW§Ä hniZoIcWsam¶pw IqSmsXbmWp \evInbncn¡p¶Xv.
X§Ä¡p kao]n¡m\mhm-¯hn[w ]cnip²\pw `oXnZ\pamWv ssZhsa¶v P\w a\Ênem¡pIbpw ssZh-¯n\pw X§Ä¡panSbn tamisb a[yØ\mbn AwKoIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. H¶mas¯ {]amW-¯n\p ho­pw hniZoIcWambn hn{Kl§Äs¡Xncmbn kwkmcn¡p¶ ssZhw _en]oThpw _enbpw AwKoIcn¡p¶p.
]¯p {]amW§Ä: a\pjy\v ssZht¯mSpw klPohnItfmSpw D­mbncnt¡­ _Ôs¯ \nÀÆNn¡p¶hbmWv ]¯pIev]\IÄ. ]gb\nba-¯nse¶t]mse ]pXnb\nba-¯nepw, AXnepap]cn, am\hkaql-¯n\papgph³ \·bpw kmtlmZcyhpw kzmX{´yhpw Dd-¸phcp-¯p¶ ASnØm\\nba§sf¶ \nebn ]¯p{]amW§Ä F¡mehpw {]kà§fmWv. ]¯p{]amW§tfmSp kmayapÅ \nbakwlnXIÄ ]pcmX\Ime¯v saskms¸mt«anbbnepw aäpap­mbncp¶p. F¦nepw GIssZhhnizmkw blqZP\XbpsS {]tXyIXbmbncp¶p.

A[ymbw 21

21þ23 A[ymb§Ä DS¼SnbpsS ]pkvXIambn«p IW¡m¡mw. '\o Ahsc Adnbnt¡­ \nba§Ä ChbmWv' F¶mcw-`n-¨psIm­v \evIp¶ \nba§Ä 23þmw A[ymb¯n Ahkm\n¡p¶p. ImcWw, 24þma[ymb-¯nâ BZyhmIyw 'IÀ¯mhv tamitbmSv AcpÄs¨bvXp' F¶Xv asämcp XpS¡amWv. AXn\ptijw DS¼Sn Dd-¸n¡p¶XmWp hnhcn¡p¶Xv.
Ccp]s¯m¶mw A[ymb-¯n ASna-¯s¯bpw a\pjyÀ X½n sN¿p¶ tZtlm]{Zhs¯bpw kw_Ôn-¨pÅ \nba§fmWp ImWp¶Xv. Hcphsâ DSaØXbnepÅ arK§Ä sN¿p¶ D]{Zh§Ä¡v DSaØ\mWv D¯chmZnbmbncn¡pI. Ah sIm­p­mIp¶ D]{Zh§Ä¡v \jvS]cnlmcw \evtI­Xv AhbpsS DSaØ\mbncn¡pw. ]e \nba§fpw \½psS ]Ým-¯e¯nÂ\n¶p t\m¡pt¼mÄ {]mIrX§fmsW¶p tXm¶mw. {]tXyIn-¨pw, 'I®n\p]Icw I®v', ']Ãn\p]Icw ]Ãv' XpS§nb \nba§Ä, ASnaIsfbpw kv{XoIsfbpw kw_Ôn¨ \nba§Ä F¶nh. F¶m Ah GXm­p aqhmbncw sImçġpap¼p \ne\n¶ncp¶hbmsW¶v HmÀ½n¡p¶Xpw A¡me¯v \nehnep­mbncp¶ aäp \nbakwlnXItfmSp ]gb\nbas¯ X«n-¨pt\m¡p¶Xpw AhbpsS ImenI{]kàn hn¹hIcambncp¶p F¶p a\Ênem¡p¶Xn\p \s½ klmbn¡pw.

A[ymbw 22

DS¼SnbpsS ]pkvXI-¯nsâ XpSÀ¨bmWv Ccp]-¯nc­mw A[ymb-¯n \mw ImWp¶Xv. ChnsS¸dbp¶ tamjWs¯ kw_Ôn¨ \nba§Ä {KmaoWIÀjIcpsS CSbnep­mIp¶ {]iv\§fpw XÀ¡§fpw ]cnlcn¡p¶Xn\pth­n cq]oIcn¡s¸«hbmsW¶p ImWmw.
Cu A[ymb-¯nsâ ]Xn\mdp apXepÅ hmIy§fn kmaqly\oXn Dd-¸m¡p¶ \nba§fmWpÅXv. ssewKnIXbpsS hnip²nsb FSp-¯pImWn¡p¶ \nba§fmWv 16þ20 hmIy§fnÂ. I\yIIfpsS kpc£nXXzw Dd-¸phcp-¯p¶ \nba§Ä Ds­¦nepw ]pcpj-·mÀ¡pw kv{XoIÄ¡pw Htc \nba§tfm XpeyAhImi§tfm Cu \nbakwlnXbn \evIs¸Sp¶nà F¶p ImWmw. ]n¶oSv, 21þ27 hmIy§Ä kaql-¯nse ]mhs¸«hÀ¡v \oXnbpw kwc£Whpw Dd-¸phcp-¯p¶ \nba§sf AhXcn-¸n¡p¶p. ]ctZin, hn[h, A\mYÀ F¶nhsc D]{Zhn¡p¶XnÂ\n¶p XSbp¶ \nba§Ä hniZoIcn¡pt¼mÄ AhÀ¡pth­n {]XnImcw sN¿p¶Xp IÀ¯mhpXs¶bmWv F¶p hyàam¡p¶Xn\pw hn. {KÙImc³ {i²n¡p¶p­v. 28þ31 hmIy§fn hnip²P\-¯nsâ hnip²n ssZhs¯ BZcn¡p¶Xnepw Bcm[n¡p¶Xnepw {]ISam¡p¶Xn\v D]bpàamb \nba§fmWv.

A[ymbw 23

DS¼SnbpsS ]pkvXI-¯nsâ XpSÀ¨bmWv Ccp]-¯naq¶mw A[ymb-¯nepw \mw ImWp¶Xv. BZy-`mK¯v \oXn\ymbtImSXnIÄ kXykÔambn hn[n \St¯­Xn\p \nÀ_Ôn¡p¶ \nba§Ä sImSp¡pt¼mÄ, XpSÀ¶phcp¶ `mK¯v 10þ19 hmIy§fn aX]camb \nba§Ä AhXcn-¸n¡p¶p. Cu `mK¯p km_-¯phÀjs¯ kw_Ôn¡p¶ \nba§fpw C{kmtbensâ Xncp\mfpIsf¡pdn-¨pÅ \nba§fpamWv ImWp¶Xv. km_-¯phn{ia-¯nsâ ]cn[nbn a\pjyscbpw arK§sfbpw am{XaÃ, `qansb¡qSn DÄs¸Sp-¯ns¡m­v ssZhnI\nba-¯nsâ ka{KXsb FSp¯pImWn¡p¶p. ssZhw krjvSn¨ FÃmänsâbpw \· e£ywhbv¡p¶ ssZhw, krjvS{]]©-¯nsâ apgph³ kpØnXn a\pjysâ kpØnXnsb B{ibn-¨ncn¡p¶p F¶ ]mThpwIqSn ]IÀ¶pXcnIbmWv.
C{kmtbÂP\XbpsS Gähpw {][m\s¸« aq¶p Xncp\mfpIsf¡pdn-¨pÅ \nba§fmWv XpSÀ¶pÅXv. ]pfn-¸nÃm¯ A¸-¯nsâ Xncp\mÄ, ]p¯cns¸cp¶mÄ, kw`cW-¯ncp\mÄ F¶nhbmWh. CuPn]vXnÂ\n¶p ]pd¯ph¶Xns\ A\pkvacn-¨psIm­v ]pfn-¸nÃm¯ A¸-¯nsâ Xncp\mfmtLmjn¡pt¼mÄ hnfshSp-¸nsâ XpS¡hpw HSp¡hpamWv ]p¯cns¸cp¶mfn\pw kw`cW-¯ncp\mfn\pw ASnØm\ambncn¡p¶Xv. Xncp\mfpItfmS\p_Ôn¨p _enbÀ¸W s¯ kw_Ôn¨ Nne\nba§ÄIqSn \evIp¶p­v. ]pfn¸v Xn·bpsS {]XoIambXn\memImw ]pfn-¸nÃm¯ A¸w _enbÀ¸W-¯n\mbn \njvIÀjn¡p¶Xv. arK-¯nsâ Gähpw hninjvS-`mKambn«mWv sImgp¸v ]cnKWn¡s¸«ncp¶Xv. B«n³Ip«nsb XÅbpsS ]men thhn¡p¶Xv A¶s¯ P\XIfpsS CSbn \ne\n¶ncp¶ Hcp am{´nImNmcambncp¶p F¶pw AXn\m AXv C{kmtbÂP\Xbv¡v \njn²ambn F¶pamWv ]WvUnXm`n{]mbw. F´mbmepw Poht\mSpÅ BZc-¯nsâ `mKambn CXns\ IW¡m¡p¶Xmbncn¡pw D¯aw.
20 apX 33 hscbpÅ `mK¯v DS¼Sn Dd-¸n¡p¶Xn\pap¼pÅ hmKvZm\§fpw Xm¡oXpIfpw \evIp¶Xv DS¼SnbpsS ]pkvXI-¯nsâ D]kwlmcambn IW¡m¡mw. hmKvZm\§fpw Xm¡oXpIfpw hmKvZ-¯`qanbpambn _Ôn-¸n-¨ncn¡p¶p. 'IÀ¯mhnsâ ZqX³ Ahsc \bn¡pw' F¶XpsIm­v IÀ¯mhpXs¶ Ahsc \bn¡pw F¶mWÀ°am¡pI. Im\m³tZis¯ P\t¯mSpw Bcm[\mcoXnItfmSpw ]peÀt¯­ \ne]mSpIsf¡pdn-¨pÅ Iev]\IÄ aXklnjvWpXbv¡v FXncmbn«mWp ImWs¸Sp¶Xv. AXpsIm­v A¶s¯ [mÀanI\nehmchpw, hnPmXobcpsS Bcm[\mcoXnIÄ C{kmtbeycpsS hnizmk-¯ns\Xntc DbÀ¯nb `ojWnbpw a\Ênem¡nthWw Cu \nba§sf hnebncp-¯phm³.
'\n\¡papt¼ Rm³ IS¶epIÄ Abbv¡pw' F¶Xv A£cmÀ°-¯n a\Ênemt¡­XnÃ. aäp cmPy¡mcpsS ssk\y§sfbmImw ChnsS Dt±in¡p¶Xv. A¶v i{XpcmPy§fpsS B{IaW§ÄsIm­v ZpÀ_eambncp¶p Im\m³tZiw. AXpsIm­v Cu ZuÀ_eys¯ NqjWw sNbvXv cmPyw IogS¡m\pÅ km[yX C{kmtbens\ t_m[ys¸Sp-¯pIbmWv ChnsS. F´mbmepw AhÀ kmh[m\ta Im\m³tZiw IogS¡nbpÅq F¶v \ymbm[n]-·mcpsS ]pkvXI-¯n \n¶p hyàamIp¶p­v. Cu kmh[m\apÅ IogS¡en\v Hcp \ymbw 29þ30 hmIy§fn AhXcn-¸n-¨ncn¡p¶Xv BIÀjIambncn¡p¶p. C{kmtbensâ AXnÀ¯nsb¡pdn¨v ^nenkvXym¡S F¶p ]dªncn¡p¶Xv a[y[cWymgnsb Dt±in-¨mWv.

A[ymbw 24

IÀ¯mhnsâ kz´w P\ambncnt¡­Xn\pÅ \n_Ô\IÄ FÃmw AhXcn-¸n¨ tijw, DS¼Sn Dd-¸n¡p¶Xnsâ hnhcWamWv Ccp]-¯n\memw A[ymb-¯n ImWp¶Xv. 1þ11 hmIy§Ä DS¼Sn Dd-¸n¡p¶Xnsâbpw XpSÀ¶phcp¶ hmIy§Ä \nba§fpw Iev]\Ifpw FgpXnb Iev]eIIÄ e`n¡p¶Xn\mbn ssZh-¯nsâ aebntebv¡p tami Ibdnt¸mIp¶Xnsâbpw Imcy§Ä hnhcn¡p¶p.
DS¼SnbpsS a[yØ\mbnhcp¶Xv tamibmWv. ssZh-¯nsâ k¶n[nbntebv¡v Ibdns¨Ãp¶Xpw IÀ¯mhns\ {ihn¡p¶Xpw IÀ¯mhp]dª Imcy§Ä P\s¯ Adnbn¡p¶Xpw tamibmWv. DS¼Sn Dd-¸n¡p¶Xn\pth­n tami IÀ¯mhnsâ hm¡pIsfÃmw FgpXnh-¨p. aebpsS ASnhmc-¯n Hcp _en]oThpw ]{´­p tKm{X§Ä¡mbn ]{´­p kvXw`§fpw \nÀ½n-¨p. AXn\ptijw Zl\_enIfpw ImfIsfs¡m­pÅ kam[m\_enIfpw AÀ¸n-¨p. DS¼Sn Dd-¸n¡p¶Xn\pth­n tami IÀ¯mhnsâ hN\§sfgpXnh-¨ncp¶ DS¼Sn{KÙsaSp¯v Dds¡ hmbn-¨p. P\w IÀ¯mhnsâ Iev]\ A\pkcn-¨psImÅmsa¶p {]Xyp-¯cn-¨p. At¸mÄ tami càsaSp¯v P\§fpsSta Xfn¡pIbpw DS¼Sn Dd-¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

hyànIÄ X½nepw cmPy§Ä X½nepw DS¼SnsN¿p¶ ]Xnhv ]pcmX\Ime¯pw D­mbncp¶p. ssZhw C{kmtbepambn sNbvX DS¼Sn¡v lnXycpsS DS¼SnbpsS LS\bmWp­mbncp¶Xv F¶p]dbs¸Sp¶p. GXmbmepw DS¼SnbpsS Dt±iye£y§fpw DÅS¡hpw Cu DS¼Snbn hyXykvXamWv. C{kmtbensâ Ncn{Xw Cu DS¼SnbpsS Ncn{XamWv F¶p ImWp¶Xn sXänÃ.

hn. a¯mbn FgpXnb kphntijw

BapJw

]pXnb\nba{KÙ§fpsS ]«nIbn ImWp¶ BZyt¯Xpw ZoÀLamb 28 A[ymb§fpÅXpamb kphntijamWv hn. a¯mbnbptSXv. kphntijw F¶ hm¡nsâ AÀ°w 'kZvhmÀ¯' F¶mWv. tbiphnsâ P\\w, ]ckyPohnX-¯ns\mcp¡w, ]ckyPohnXw, ]oUm\p-`hw, acWw, D°m\w, kmÀÆ{XnIt{]jnXZuXyw F¶nhsb hnhcn¡p¶ ]pXnb\nba{KÙ§sfbmWv kphntij§Ä F¶p s]mXphmbn hnfn¡p¶Xv. BZnak-`bnÂXs¶ tbiphneqsS bmYmÀ°yhXvIcn¡s¸« c£mIckw-`h-¯nsâ enJnXcq]§sf kphntijw F¶p hnfn¡p¶Xmbn ImWmw (UnUmt¡ 15, 3; s¢aâv 8, 5). hn. a¯mbn FgpXnb {]ImcapÅ kphntijw F¶mWv AXn ImWp¶Xv Hcp]t£ hnhn[ kphntij§Ä cNn¡s¸«pIgnªt¸mÄ Ahsb Xncn-¨dnbp¶Xn\mbn c­mw \qäm­mbt¸mtg¡pw Hmtcm¶n\pw t]cv IrXyambn \evInbXmImw. C¶v e`yamb Gähpw {]mNo\hpw B[nImcnIhpamb c­p ssIsbgp-¯p{]XnIfn (Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Vaticanus) {Ko¡p-`mjbn 'a¯mbnbptSXv' F¶mWv ImWp¶Xv.
 
{KÙIÀ¯mhv

A¸kvtXmenIImew apXevt¡ tbiphnsâ ]{´­v A¸kvtXme-·mcn Hcmfmb a¯mbn FgpXnbXmWv Cu kphntijw F¶mWv ]c¼cmKXamb hnizmkw. HcnP³, Fhptk_nbqkv XpS§nb k`m]nXm¡-·mÀ BZyw FgpXs¸« kphntijw F¶pw CXns\ hntijn-¸n¡p¶ps­¦nepw C¶s¯ ]WvUnXtemI-¯n Cu A`n{]mbt¯mSv tbmPn¡p¶hÀ hfsc IpdhmWv. kphntij§fn Ct±ls¯ ]{´­v A¸kvtXme-·mcn Hcph³ F¶pw, Np¦¡mc³ F¶pw, Xsâ km[mcW tPmen¡nSbn tbiphn\m A¸kvtXmenIPohnX-¯nte¡v hnfn¡s¸«hs\¶pw ImWp¶p (a¯m 9:9þ13; aÀt¡m 2:13þ17; eq¡ 5:27þ32). slÂs]bpsS ]p{X³ tehn (aÀt¡m 2:14) F¶pw Adnbs¸Sp¶ hyànbmWnXv. t]cnsâ AÀ°w 'ssZhZm\w' F¶mWv. Xm³ F´mbncn¡p¶pthm AXv ssZh-¯nsâ Zm\amsW¶v Dd-¨phnizkn¡p¶ hànXzambncn¡Wat±l-¯ntâXv. bYmÀ°-¯n tbipinjy\mb a¯mbn Xs¶bmtWm CsXgpXnbXv F¶v Ak¶nKv²ambn sXfnbn¡pI Gsd {]bmkIcamWv; Hcp]t£ Akm²yhpamWv. F¦nepw {KÙIÀXrXzs¯¡pdn¨v c­mw \qäm­phscbpÅ ]mc¼cyhpw ''a¯mbn FgpXnb {]ImcapÅ kphntijw' F¶ Xes¡«pw kphntij¯n\pw A¸kvtXme\mb a¯mbn¡pw X½nepÅ kPoh_Ô-¯nte¡mWv hnc Nq­p¶Xv. blqZÀs¡XnscbpÅ iàamb hnaÀi\w (DZm. a¯m 23), AhcpsS A\pjvTm\§sf¡pdn-¨pÅ ho­phnNmcw (a¯m 6:1þ18), kmÀh{XnIt{]jnXZuXyw (a¯m 10:5; 28:16þ20) XpS§nb DÅS¡-¯nse {]tXyIXIÄ aqew F¬]XpIfn Pohn-¨ncp¶, {Ko¡v `mj kwkmcn-¨ncp¶, ]gb\nba {Ko¡pXÀÖabpambn \Ã]cnNbapÅ, blqZhnizmkw, BNmc§Ä, t_m[y§Ä F¶nh Adnbmhp¶ Hcp blqZss{IkvXh\mWv {KÙIÀ¯mhv F¶v kaImenI ]WvUnX-·mÀ A`n{]mbs¸Sp¶p.

a¯mbn kphntijIsâ kaqlw

s]mXphmb [mcW ]cnKWn¡pt¼mÄ a¯mbn kphntijIsâ kaqlw ]ekvXo\mbnse blqZss{IkvXhkaqlamWv F¶mWv A`n{]mbw. Cu kaqlw blqZ A[nImcnIsfbpw A\pjvTm\§sfbpw hnaÀi\_p²ym ho£n-¨ncp¶p (17:24þ27; 23:2þ3). Hcp]t£ tbiphnsâ A\pKmanIsf¶ \nebn kn\tKmKpIfpambn _ÔapÅXpw (4:23; 9:35; 10:17; 12:9; 13:54), A¡mcW¯m kl\§Ä GsäSpt¡­nhcnIbpw sNbvX kaqlambncp¶p (10:17; 23:34) CXv. BZyIme§fn blqZ{InkvXym\nIsf am{Xw DÄs¸Sp-¯pIbpw (10:5), ]n¶oSv kIeP\XItfmSpw Xpdhnbpw t{]jnXZuXyhpw ]peÀ¯pIbpw sNbvX kaqlhpw k`bpambncp¶p (a¯m 28:16 þ20; 18) CXv. Cu k`mkaql-¯n {Iahpw Nn«bpw \ne\n¶ncp¶p F¶v ]Xns\«ma²ymbw hyàam¡p¶p. ssZhkm¶n²y-¯n³ XWen sFIys¸«Xpw (18:20þ21; 28:20; 1:21þ23) km¼-¯nItijnbnepw t{]jnXZuXy-¯nepw ap¶n«p\n¶ncp¶hcpamWv AXnse AwK§Ä (a¯m 5:3; 10:9þ10; 18:1þ22). ]gb\nba-¯nsâ ]qÀ¯oIcWambn X§sf-¯s¶ ImWpIbpw tbiphn ]gb\nba{]hN\§fpw hmKvZm\§fpw ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸Sp¶p F¶p hnizkn¡pIbpw sNbvX ]pXnb ssZhP\amWv a¯mbnbpsS kaqlw (1:22þ23; 2:4þ6; 2:23; 12:17þ21; 26:54). \nbas¯ A\pkcn¡p¶hcpw (5:19þ21) F¶m AXn\-¸pdw \nev¡p¶ kvt\l-¯nsâ ]pXnb\nbaw ]qÀ¯nbm¡phm³ hnfn¡s¸«hcpamWv X§Ä F¶Xv Kncn{]-`mjW-¯nÂ\n¶p hyàamWv (a¯m 5þ7). AtXmsSm-¸wXs¶ \Kc§tfmSv _Ôs¸«p\n¶ncp¶hcpw Bbncp¶ncn¡Ww ChÀ (4:23þ25; 9:35).

cN\mImew, Øew

cN\mImes¯¡pdn¨pw Øes¯¡pdn¨pw hnhn[ A`n{]mb§fp­v. BZyambn cNn¡s¸«Xv F¶ s]mXphmb [mcW ASnØm\s¸Sp-¯pt¼mÄ tbiphN\§Ä (Q), a¯mbn kphntijI\v e`yambncp¶ {]tXyI tiJc§Ä (M), Pdpktew tZhmeb-¯nsâ \mis¯¡pdn-¨pÅ ]cmaÀiw XpS§nb hkvXpXIÄ IW¡nseSp¡p¶Xv ØeIme\nÀ®b§Ä¡v klmbIamWv. {InkvXphÀjw 70\pw 90\pw CSbv¡mbncn¡Ww Cu {KÙ-¯nsâ cN\bpw AXnsâ ]qÀ®cq]¯nte¡pÅ hnImk]cnWma§fpw.
hnhn[ Øe§sf {KÙcN\bpambn _Ôs¸Sp-¯mdp­v. Pdpktew, tIkdnb, ^n\ojym, AeIvkm{­nb, kndnbmbnse At´ymIy F¶nhbmWv AXn {][m\s¸«h. hn. a¯mbnbpsS kphntij-¯n blqZcpw {InkvXym\nIfpw CSIeÀ¶p hkn¡pIbpw _Ôs¸SpIbpw sN¿p¶p F¶Xn XÀ¡anÃ. A¡mcW-¯m kndnbmbnse At´ymIymbv¡v ap³KW\ \evIp¶hcmW[nIhpw. C¯csamcp \nÀ®b-¯n\v Dt]mÂ_eIambn kphntij-¯n ImWp¶ asämcp ]cmaÀiamWv tbiphnsâ IoÀ¯n kndnbmbnse§pw hym]n-¨XmbpÅ kphntijIsâ {]kvXmh\ (a¯m 4:24; eq¡ 6:17þ19). At´ymIymbnse `mj {Ko¡mbncp¶p F¶Xpw AhcpsS ]mc¼cy-¯n ]t{Xmkn\v \evIp¶ {]m[m\yw a¯mbnbpsS kphntij-¯nepw ImWp¶p F¶Xpw At´ymIymbmWv cN\mØew F¶ A`n{]mb-¯n\v Dt]mÂ_eIambn \nev¡p¶p. Ctájykv Xsâ teJ\-¯n hn. a¯mbnbpsS kphntijs¯ D²cn¡p¶pap­v.
GXm\pw {]tXyIXIÄ

15þ28 A[ymb§fn a¯mbn kphntijIsâ {][m\khntijXIsfÃmwXs¶ Is­-¯phm³ km[n¡p¶XmWv.

1. a¯mbn kphntijIsâ LS\bn Is­-¯mhp¶ Hcp {]tXyIXbmWv hnhcW§fpw {]`mjW§fpw CSIecp¶ coXnbpw AXnsâ hyàamb D]tbmKhpw. AXns\ ASnØm\s¸Sp¯n kphntijs¯ A©p{KÙ§fmbn hn`Pn¡mdp­v. BapJambn _meyImehnhcWhpw (1:1 þ 2:23), D]kwlmcambn ]oUm\p-`hw, acWw, D°m\w F¶o bmYmÀ°y§fpsS hnhcWhpw (26:1 þ 28:20) ImWmw. 15þ28 A[ymb§Ä \mepw A©pw `mK§fmbn hn`Pn¡mhp¶XmWv. A¸kvtXme]cnioe\s¯¡pdn-¨pÅ hnhcWw (13:54 þ 17:27); k`mßI{]t_m[\w (18:1þ35); AXns\¯pSÀ¶v blqZcnÂ\n¶pÅ FXnÀ¸pIfpsS hnhcWw (19:1 þ 22:46), bpKmt´m-·pJ{]-`mjWw (23þ25). 3:1 þ 13:53 aebnse {]kwKs¯bpw (5þ7), t{]jnX{]-`mjWs¯bpw (9:35 þ 10:42) D]a {]t_m[\s¯bpw {i²n-¨m (13:1þ53) AXn\papt¶mSnbmbpw hnhcW§fpÅXmbn ImWphm³ km[n¡pw (3:1 þ 4:25; 8:1þ5, 34; 11:2 þ 12:50).
2. tbiphneqsS \evIs¸« c£ {]hN\§fpsS ]qÀ¯oIcWamsW¶v D²cWnIfpsS ]c¼cIfneqsS (12) kphntijI³ Øm]n¡p¶p (1:22þ23; 2:5þ6; 15:17þ18, 23; 4:14þ16; 8:17; 12:17þ21; 13:14þ15, 35; 21:4þ5; 27:5þ10). Cu D²cWnIÄ tbiphnsâ hyànXzhpw ZuXyhpambn _Ôs¸«p\nev¡p¶Xn\m kphntij-¯nsâ ssZhimkv{Xhpambn At`Zyambn _Ôs¸«ncn¡p¶p.
3. apIfn kqNn-¸n-¨Xpt]mse ]t{Xmkn\v {]tXyI {]m[m\yw sImSp¡p¶p F¶Xpw hyàamWv. AXn\\pkrXamb hnhcW§Ä kphntij-¯n ImWp¶pap­v (a¯m 17:24þ27; 18:21þ22; 16:17þ20).
4. k`sb¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶ GIkphntijamWnXv. AXn {]m[m\yaÀln¡p¶ hN\-`mK§fmWv 16:17þ20; 18:15þ18. tbiphnsâ PohnXImeL«-¯nÂXs¶ k`sb¡pdn¨v kphntijI³ ]cmaÀin¡p¶p. D°m\-¯n\ptijaà k`sb¡pdn¨p ]dbp¶Xv F¶Xv {]tXyIw {i²bÀln¡p¶p
5. ssZhkm¶n²y-¯nsâ kphntijsa¶v Cu {KÙs¯ hntijn-¸n¡pI km[mWamWv. ssZhkm¶n²ys¯ ]e{]mhiyw Du¶n-¸dbp¶ hnhcW§Ä (1:23; 10:40; 18:20; 23:21; 28:20) ImWp¶p. A´yhn[nbpsS am\ZWvUw aäpÅhcn ssZhkm¶n²yw ImWpI F¶XmWv. k`bnepw t{]jnXZuXy-¯nepw ssZhkm¶n²yw hmKvZm\w sN¿p¶pap­v.
6. shfn]mSpkmlnXy-¯nsâ kzm[o\§Ä¡pZmlcW§Ä Cu kphntij-¯n ImWp¶p­v. BXy-´nIambn ssZh-¯nsâ Ichpw {]hÀ¯\hpw hnPbn¡pw F¶ {]Xo£ \evIp¶ hnhcW§fmWh. \·Xn-·IfpsS t]mcm«-¯n \·bmWv hnPbn¡p¶Xv (23:24þ30, 36þ43; 15:12þ19, 24þ25).

LS\

H¶mas¯ khntijXbn kqNn-¸n¨Xpt]mse kam\amb hm¡pIfn kam]n¡p¶ (7:28; 11:1; 13:53; 19:1; 26:1) A©p ssZhcmPy{]-`mjW§Ä ASnØm\am¡n 5 ]pkvXI§fmbn CXns\ ImWp¶ coXn Gsd {]NmcapÅXmWv. F¶m kaImenI]T\§Ä a¯m 4:17epw 16:21epw tbiphnsâ PohnX-¯nse ]pXnbL«w Bcw-`n¡p¶ hmIy§sf (At¸mÄ apX ....... Bcw-`n-¨p) ASnØm\s¸Sp¯n aq¶p `mK§fmbn hn`Pn¡mdp­v: 1) 1:1þ4, 16 tbiphnsâ ssiihhnhcWw, ZuXy-¯nsâ Bcw`w; 2) 4:17þ16, 20 tbiphnsâ ssZhcmPy{]tLmjWw; 3) 16:21þ28, 20 ]oUm\p-`hw, acWw, D°m\w, kmÀh{XnIt{]jnXZuXyw.

Cu kphntijw tbiphnsâ PohnXw, hyànXzw, ZuXyw, {]hÀ¯\§Ä F¶nh hyàamb ssZhimkv{Xe£yt¯msS hnhcn¡p¶p. tbip ssZh]p{X\pw aninlmbpw ]gb\nba{]hN\§fpsS ]qÀ¯oIcWhpamsW¶v kphntijI³ kaÀ°n¡p¶p. ssZhw \t½mSpIqsSbmbXv Xncn-¨dnbm\pÅ £Ww ChnsSbp­v. ssZh-¯nsâ km¶n²yhpw {]hÀ¯\hpw ASnØm\am¡n temI-¯nsâ AXnÀ¯nIÄhsc Adnbn¡s¸tS­ ZqXmWv kphntijI³ hmb\¡mc\v ssIamdp¶Xv.
apIfn kqNn-¸n¨ LS\b\pkcn¨v 15þ28 A[ymb§fpsS Nn´m[mcIsf Is­-¯mhp¶XmWv. F¦nepw Nne {]tab§Ä {]tXyI {i² AÀln¡p¶hbmWv.

kzÀ¤cmPyw

hn. a-¯mbnbpsS kphntijw ssZhw \t½mSp IqsSbmb tbiphnsâ hyànXz-¯neqsSbpw ZuXy-¯neqsSbpw A\mhrXamIp¶ kzÀ¤cmPys¯bmWv {]tLmjn¡p¶Xv. tbiphnsâ ktµi-¯nsâbpw ip{iqjbpsSbpw k¯bpw kmchpw ssZhcmPy{]Jym]\-¯n DÄs¡mÅp¶p. temI-¯nte¡pw a\pjyPoh\nte¡pw PohnXm\p-`h§fnte¡pw tbip kwhln¡p¶ iàhpw kar²hpamb kvt\l¯nsâ F¯nt¨cemWXv. ssZh-¯nsâ Zm\amWXv. Xn·bnÂ\n¶pw ]m]-¯nÂ\n¶pw tcmK-¯nÂ\n¶pw FÃm ASna-¯§fnÂ\n¶pw tamNn-¸n¨v \s½ kzX{´cm¡p¶ ssZh-¯nsâ kvt\lamWv AXneqsS {]Jym]n¡s¸Sp¶Xv. AXnt\mSpÅ {]XnIcWw {InbmßItam \ntj[mßItam BImw F¶v 1þ14 A[ymb§fnÂ\n¶v hyàamIp¶p. 14:1 þ 16:20 injycpsS kaqls¯ k`bmbn cq]oIcn¡p¶Xn\pÅ Hcp¡§Ä \S¡p¶Xmbn ImWmw. injykaql¯n\v ]pXnb e£yt_m[w \evIn tbip blqZcnÂ\n¶v ]n³hm§p¶p (14:13; 15:21; 16:4). ]pXnb injykaqls¯ kÖoIcn¡p¶Xmbn ASp-¯ A[ymb§fn ImWmw.
tbipinjycpsS kaql-¯nsâ t{]jnX{]hÀ¯\¯nsâ ASnØm\w ssZh-¯nemWv (15:1þ39). AhcpsS kaqlamIs« blqZcpw hnPmXobcpapÄs¡m Åp¶ ]pXnb kaqlhpw. tbiphnepÅ hnizmkhpw A¸w apdn¡Â A\p-`hhpw (15:22þ39) ssIapXembn«pÅhcpw lrZbip²nbpw hnPmXobtcmSpÅ Xpdhnbpw {]tXyIXbmbn IW¡m¡p¶ ]pXnb injyKWamWhÀ. tbiphneqsS kwe-`yambncn¡p¶ ssZhcmPysa¶ Zm\w hnizkn¡p¶ hnPmXobÀ¡pw e`yamWv F¶v tbip hyàam¡p¶p (15:22þ28). F¶m blqZt\Xm¡Ä Ahnizkn¡pIbpw kzÀ¤-¯nÂ\n¶v ASbmfw Bhiys¸SpIbpamWv sN¿p¶Xv (16:1þ12). bYmÀ°-¯n tbiphnsâ {]t_m[\§fpw {]hr-¯nIfpw ssZh-¯nÂ\n¶pÅ \nÀ®mbIamb ASbmfambncnt¡ {InbmßIambn {]XnIcnt¡­hÀ Ahnizkn¡p¶Xn\m tbip AhcnÂ\n¶v ]n³hm§p¶p.

C¯csamcp ]Ým-¯e¯nemWv ]t{Xmknsâ ssZht{]cnXamb Gäp]d-¨n þ tbip aninlmbpw ssZh]p{X\pamsW¶v (16:13þ16). AXnsâ {]XnIcWambn Xsâ kaqls¯ Hcp {]tXyI kaqlambn tbip {]Jym]n¡p¶p (16:17þ20). aq¶p {]tXyIXIÄ {it²bamWv: 1) A¸w apdn¡Â kaqlw; 2) ssZh]p{X\mb tbiphns\ Gäp]dbp¶ kaqlw; 3) blqZscbpw hnPmXobscbpw DÄs¡mÅp¶ kmÀÆ{XnIXbpÅ CutimbpsS kaqlw.

k`mkaqlw

kphntij]ptcmKXnbpsS aq¶mw `mKw (16:21 þ 20:34) aq¶p ]oUm\p-`h{]hN\§fne[njvTnXhpw AXnt\mSpÅ injycpsS {]XnIcW-¯m {i²n¡s¸Sp¶Xpamb hnhcW§fpw {]`mjW§fpamWv. tbiphnsâbpw injycpsSbpw k`bpsSbpw PohnX-¯n kl\actWm°m\§Ä¡v {]kànbp­v.c£bpsS tI{µamb PdpkteanemWv AXv Act§dp¶Xv. AXn\v ssZhnIamb ØncoIcWw Xmt_mÀ A\p-`h-¯n e`n¡p¶p. injyÀ Aev]hnizmknIfmbXn\m {Kln¡p¶Xn ]cmPbs¸Sp¶p (16:21þ23; 17:22þ24; 20:17þ19). acW¯nÂ\n¶pw Poh\nte¡pÅ kp\nÝnXamb hgnbmWv kl\Zmk\mb tbiphntâXv. AXns\ amXrIbmbn kzoIcn¨v injyÀ BßXymKw sN¿Ww; Ipcniphln¡Ww; ]pXnb aqey§Ä kzmb-¯am¡Ww; A]c\mbn PohnXw ip{iqjbm¡Ww (20:20þ28); Cu kaql-¯nÂ, k`bnÂ, t\XrXzw ip{iqjbmWv (18:1þ4); IcpX {]tXyIXbmWv (8:5þ14); kmtlmZcy-`mhhpw ]cn[nIfnÃm¯ £abpw PohnXssienbmWv (18:21þ35); inip-`mhhpw auenIamb k¼-¯nt\mSpÅ \ne]mSpw injy\v shÃphnfnbmWv (19:1þ29). C¯cw \ho\-`mh§fpÅ kaqlamWv tbiphnsâ k`. AhnsS ssZh-¯nsâ c£mIcamb km¶n²yw kZm A\p-`hthZyhpw (19:1 þ 20:34).

Pdpktean (21:1 þ 25:46)

Pdpktew c£bpsS tI{µamWv. AhnsSbmWv tbiphneqsS \evIs¸« c£bpsS al\obaplqÀ¯§fpw cwK§fpw Act§dp¶Xv. ]oUm\p-`h-¯nte¡p \bn¡p¶ kwLÀjmßIamb cwK§fmWv 21:1 þ 25:46 ImWp¶Xv. XpS¡w tbiphns\ ZmhoZnsâ ]p{X\mbn {]Jym]n¡p¶ c­v AÔbmNIcn ImWmw. bpKm-´y{]hmNI\mbn tbip cmPIobambmWv Pdpktean {]thin¡p¶Xv (21:1þ11); ]nXr-`h\-¯nsâ B[nImcnIX blqZcnÂ\n¶pw GsäSp¡p¶Xv (21:12þ13). AXn\p In«nb {]XnIcWw blqZcpsS ISp¯ FXnÀ¸mWv. A¯nhr£-¯nsâ \mihpw ^eanÃmbvabpw blqZcpsS Ahnizmk¯nsâ taepÅ hn[nbmWv (21:18þ22). hn. a¯mbnbpsS kphntij-¯n blqZtcmSpÅ hnaÀi\mßIamb kao]\w aXt\Xm¡fpambpÅ kwhmZ-¯nÂ\n¶pw hyàamWv (21:23 þ 23:39). blqZÀ, c£sb AdnªpkzoIcnt¡­hÀ, XnckvIcn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p F¶mWv aq¶v D]aIfpw ]dbp¶Xv (21:23 þ 22:14). hnhmZ§sf ZmhoZnsâ ]p{X³ JWvUn¡p¶p F¶v kphntijI³ Øm]n¡p¶pap­v (22:15þ40). tbiphn hnizkn¡m-¯hcpw AhnSs¯ sIWnbn hogv¯m³ {ian-¨hcpw I]Sa\kvIcmsW¶v tbip ZpcnX{]Jym]\§fneqsS hn[n {]Jym]n¡p¶p. A¡mcW-¯m AhÀ in£bv¡p hnt[bcm¡s¸Spw (23:1þ39). AhcpsS hm¡pw {]hr-¯nbpw X½nepÅ A´cw, hnIeamb `àn, B´cnIip²nbnÃmbva F¶nh ZpcnX-¯n\v ImcWamIp¶p. AhÀ¡v am\km-´c-¯n\pÅ Ahkcw C\n hcm-¯hn[w IS¶pt]mIp¶Xv tbip Pdpkteans\ ]cnXyPn¨v IS¶pt]mIp¶Xn ImWmw. hn[nbmf\mbn AhnS¶v Xncn-¨phcpw. hn[nbpsS am\ZWvUw A]c\n ssZhs¯ ZÀin¨v Dä_Ô-¯n Pohn¡pt¶m F¶XmWv. AXn\pÅ amXrI hm¡nepw {]hr-¯nbnepw A]c\v c£bmb tbipXs¶ (bpKm-´y{]-`mjWw: a¯m 24þ25).
]oUm\p-`hhnhcWw (a¯m 26þ27)

Ipcninsâ XWenemWv tbiphnsâ PohnXIY a¯mbn kphntijI³ AhXcn-¸n¡p¶Xv. kv\m]Isâ PohnXhpw {Iqcamb acWhpw ]oUm\p-`h{]hN\§fpw tbiphnt\mSpÅ XnckvIcW§fpw hmKzmZ§fpw sN¶hkm\n¡p¶Xv tbiphnsâ acW-¯nemWv. \mep kphntij§fpw Hcpt]mse hnhcn¡p¶ Ncn{XbmYmÀ°yw IqSnbmWXv. Hcphi¯v temI-¯nsâ \ne]mSpIÄ XnanÀ¯mSpt¼mÄ adphi-¯v tbiphnsâ \ne]mSpIÄ ssZhnI\ne]mSpIfmIpIbpw \·bpsS hnPb-¯nte¡p \bn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. GXm\pw {][m\ ktµi§Ä kphntijI³ \evIp¶p­v.

1. Xsâ PohnXImew apgph³ ssZhlnXw \ndthäp¶ tbip ssZhlnXt¯mSpÅ \nc-´camb Xsâ hnizkvXX ]oUm\p-`h-¯nepw acW-¯nepw hyàam¡p¶p (26:26þ29; 26:47þ56; 27:50).
2. Xsâ kl\-¯neqsSbpw acW-¯neqsSbpw tbip a\pjyIpes¯ Xn·bnÂ\n¶pw acW-¯nÂ\n¶pw tamNn-¸n¡p¶p (a¯m 26:28; 27:42).
3. kl\acW§Ä al-¯z-¯nte¡pw hnPb-¯nte¡papÅ hgnbmWv (26:64; 27:62þ66; 28:11þ15).
4. kl\-¯nsâbpw acW-¯nsâbpw {]XnkÔnbn tbip bYmÀ° hnizmk PohnX-¯nsâ amXrIbmIp¶p (26:52þ54; 26:47þ56; 26:69 þ75).
5. tbipinjy³ ]cmPbs¸Spt¼mÄ ]pXnb hyànXz§Ä hnizmk-¯nsâbpw ss{IkvXhaqey§fpsSbpw amXrIbmIp¶p (26:6þ13; 27:19; 27:54).
6. kl\-¯n\v D¯cw kvt\l]qÀÆIamb BßZm\amWv. AXn\m AÀ¸W-¯neqsS A\izcXbn F¯nt¨cpI. A\izcXbnte¡pÅ IS¶pt]mIemWv acWw. ]nXr-`h\-¯nte¡pÅ kt´mjIcamb Xncn-¨pbm{Xbpw.

D°m\w, kmÀÆ{XnI t{]jnXXzw (a¯m 28)

tbiphnsâ D°m\w ssZh-¯nsâ hnPb-¯nsâ IYbmWv, Ncn{XbmYmÀ°yamWv, D°nX\mb tbip t\cn injy-·mÀ Adnª\p-`hn-¨XpamWv. tbiphnsâ kaImenItcmSmWv tbip D°nX\mbn F¶p {]tLmjn¡p¶Xpw. D°m\s¯ t\cn«dnª injy³, kphntijI-·mcneqsS ssIamdp¶ sXfnhpIÄ D°m\hnhcW§fn ImWmw: 1) iq\yamb IÃd; 2) D°nXsâ {]Xy£s¸SepIÄ; 3) amemJamcpsS km£yw; 4) XncpenJnX§fpsS ]qÀ¯oIcWw. IÃdbn `{Zambn AS¡s¸«hÀ hnPb{ioemfnX\mbn D°nX\mbncn¡p¶p. tbiphnsâ D°m\amWv A\pKmanIfpsS D°m\-¯nsâ ASnØm\w (1 sImdn 15; 1 sXk 4:13þ18; tdma 1:3þ4). kphntij-¯nsâ Ahkm\-¯n (28:16þ20) D°m\ktµi-¯nsâ kamlmchpw aninlmimkv{X-¯nsâbpw k`mhnÚm\ob-¯nsâbpw kmckw{Klhpw DÄs¡mÅn-¨ncn¡p¶Xmbn ImWmhp¶XmWv. Hcp Ime¯v C{kmtbensâ \jvSs¸« BSpIfnte¡v t]mIphn³ (a¯m 10:5) F¶ t{]jnXZuXyw {KÙ-¯nsâ Ahkm\-¯n kIeP\XIfnte¡pambpÅ ZuXyambn ]cnWan-¨ncn¡p¶p. D°nX\mb tbip Keoenbnse aeapIfn A[nImct¯msS Xsâ injyKWs¯ hnfn-¨pIq«nbmWv kmÀÆ{XnI t{]jnXZuXyadnbn¡pI. ZuXy-¯nsâ DÅS¡w 1) FÃm P\XIsfbpw injys¸Sp-¯pI 2) Úm\kv\m\s¸Sp-¯pI 3) Iev]\IÄ ]men¡phm³ ]Tn-¸n¡pI F¶nhbmWv. ]gb\nbahnhcW§fn ZuXy\nÀhmlIÀ¡v ssZhw Xsâ klmbw hmKvZm\w sNbvXXpt]mse (]pd 3:12; tPmjz 1:5; Psd 1:8; Gi 41:10; 43:2þ5) D°nXsâ km¶n²yw t{]jnXÀ¡v kwe-`yambncn¡pw (a¯m 1:23; 18:20þ21; 28:20). tbip D°nX\mbn ]nXmhnt\mSpIqsSbmbncn¡p¶p; bpKm-´ywhsc injykaqlt¯mSpIqSnbpw Bbncn¡pw.

hn. ]t{Xmkv FgpXnb H¶mw teJ\w

BapJw

]pXnb\nba{KÙ§fpsS ]«nIbn teJ\§fpsS ]c¼cbnÂs]«Xpw ImtXmenIteJ\§Ä (1, 2 ]t{Xmkv, bmt¡m_v, bqZm; 1, 2, 3 tbml) F¶ ioÀjI-¯n³ XWen Adnbs¸Sp¶Xpamb ]pXnb\nba{KÙamWv hn. ]t{Xmkv FgpXnb H¶mw teJ\w. 'ImtXmenIw' F¶ ]Z-¯n\v 's]mXphmbn«pÅXv' 'kmÀh{XnIw' Fs¶ms¡bmWv AÀ°w. \memw \qäm­n tIkdnbmbnse Fhptk_nbqkmWv CXp {]tbmKn-¨Xv. F¦nepw c­mw \qäm­papX¡pXs¶ Cu {KÙ§fn NneXns\ kmÀh{XnIteJ\§Ä F¶p]dªpXpS§nbncp¶p. F¶m FÃmbnS¯pw CXv Hcpt]mse AwKoIcn¡s¸«ncp¶nà F¶ Imcyhpw Fhptk_nbpkv km£ys¸Sp-¯p¶p­v.
hn. ]t{Xmknsâ t]cn FgpXs¸«ncn¡p¶Xn\m ]pcmX\Imew apXÂt¡ Cu {KÙ¯n\v {]m[m\yw \evIs¸«ncp¶p F¶XmWv bmYmÀ°yw. BZnak-`bn k`m]nXm¡-·mcmb t]mfn¡mÀ¸v, tdmanse s¢aâv, At´ymIybnse Ctájykv F¶nhÀ¡v Cu teJ\s¯¡pdn¨v Adnhp­mbncp¶p. AXn\m H¶mw \qäm­nsâ Bcw-`-¯nÂXs¶ Cu {KÙw hnhn[ ss{IkvXhkaql§fn {]Ncn-¨ncp¶p F¶v A\pam\n¡mhp¶XmWv.

{KÙIÀ¯mhv

]c¼cmKXamb hnizmk]mc¼cya\pkcn¨v hn. ]t{XmkmWv {KÙImc³. At±ls¯¡pdn-¨pÅ ]pXnb\nbahnhcW§Ä [mcmfamWv. inatbm³ _mÀ tPm\m F¶ \ma-¯nemWv At±lw Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv (a¯m 16:17; tbml 21:15). KeoenIS¯oc¯v ao³ ]nSp-¯-¯n GÀs¸«ncn¡pt¼mgmWv tbip ]t{Xmkns\ hnfn¡p¶Xv (a¯m 4:18; tbml 1:40þ42). tbip At±l-¯n\v tI¸m F¶v t]cp \evIp¶p­v (tbml 1:42; a¯m 16:18). injycn {]apJ³, tbip ssZh]p{X\msW¶v km£ys¸Sp-¯p¶ {][m\injy³ (a¯m 16:13þ19; aÀt¡m 8:27þ30; eq¡m 9:18þ21; tbml 6:68þ69). tbiphnsâ ]ckyPohnX-¯n\pw ]oUmkl\-¯n\pw D°m\-¯n\pw km£nbmb hyànbmWv hn. ]t{XmkvÇolm (a¯m 26:69þ75; tbml 20:2þ10; 21:1þ14; 21:15þ19; a¯m 28:16þ20; A¸. 1þ15).

F¶m ]t{Xmknsâ H¶mw teJ\s¯¡pdn-¨pÅ ]T\§fn an¡hbpw Cu teJ\w hn. ]t{Xmkv FgpXnbXà F¶ \nKa\-¯nemWv F¯n\nev¡p¶Xv. ImcW§Ä ]eXmWv: 1) teJ\IÀ¯mhnsâ {Ko¡p-`mjbpsS ta·bpw khntijXbpw; 2) ]gb\nba-¯nsâ {Ko¡phnhÀ¯\amb sk]vXzPn-´n (LXX) \n¶papÅ D²cWnIÄ; 3) teJ\-¯nsâ ssienbpw AXn D]tbmKs¸Sp-¯nbncn¡p¶ kmlnXycq]§fpsS ta·bpw; 4) '{InkvXphnembncn¡pI' ('in christ', 3:16; 5:10, 14) F¶ {]tbmKw km[mcW ]utemkv ÇolmbpsS teJ\§fn ImWp¶ ]Z{]tbmKamWv. AXpt]mseXs¶bmWv tbiphnt\msSm¯v kln¡phm\pÅ Blzm\hpw (4:13; 5:1) tbiphnsâ ]oUm\p-`hactWm°m\§sf ¡pdn¨pw AXnsâ ^es¯¡pdn-¨papÅ hnNn-´\hpw (1:18þ19; 2:24). AXn\m Cu {KÙw hn. ]utemknsâ teJ\§Ä cNn¡s¸«Xn\ptijw FgpXs¸«XmWv F¶ A`n{]mb-¯n\v ap³Xq¡w D­v. A§s\sb¦n A¸kvtXmenI ]mc¼cy-¯n ASnØm\s¸Sp¯n hn. ]utemknsâ Imetijw (AD 68) Bsc¦nepw cNn-¨Xmbncn¡Ww F¶p IcptX­nhcpw. am{Xaà {KÙIÀ¯mhv ]t{Xmkv F¶ t]cnemWv ]cnNbs¸Sp-¯p¶Xv, inatbm³ ]t{Xmkv F¶Ã; ]t{Xmknsâ B[nImcnIX AwKoIcn¡p¶hÀ Cu {KÙcN\bv¡p ImcWamIm\pw km[yX GsdbmWv. AXnsâ kqN\IÄ ]pXnb\nba-¯n ]t{Xmkns\¡pdn-¨pÅ ]cmaÀi§fnÂ\n¶pw Is­-¯m³ km[n¡psa¶ A`n{]mbw XÅn¡fbphm³ km[yaà (aÀt¡m 5:37; Kem 2:9; A¸. 12:12þ17; 1 ]t{Xm 5:12þ13).

kzoIÀ¯m¡Ä, cN\mImew, Øew

1 ]t{Xm1:1 kzoIÀ¯m¡sf 't]m´qkv, Kem-¯nb, I¸tUm-¨nb, Bknbm, _nYo\nb' F¶nhnS§fn {]hmknIfmbn Ignbp¶hÀ F¶mWv hntijn-¸n¡p¶Xv. {]hmknIÄ¡mbn F¶p hntijn-¸n¡s¸Sp¶ I¯nsâ DÅS¡w D]tZi§fmWv. ]Ým-¯eamIs« kl\§fptSXpw. kl\-¯nsâ kmlNcy§sf F§s\ A`napJoIcn¡Wsa¶v D]tZin¡pIbpw Ahsc ss[cys¸Sp-¯pIbpw sN¿pI F¶XmWv e£yw. kzoIÀ¯m¡fmbn hntijn-¸n¡s¸Sp¶ Gjymssa\À hmknIfpsS kmlNcys¯ {]hmknIÄ, ]ctZinIÄ, hnPmXobcpsS CSbn hkn¡p¶hÀ (1:1; 2:11), XncsªSp¡s¸« (1:1; 5:13þ14) hwihpw cmPIob ]ptcmlnXKWhpw, hnip²P\Xbpw ssZh-¯nsâ kz´w P\hpw (2:9þ10) Fs¶ÃmamWv Nn{XoIcn-¨ncn¡p¶Xv. Hcp]t£ AhÀ Pohn¡p¶ kmlNcy-¯nse Häs-¸Sp-¯epItfm, ]cZqjW§tfm FÃmw kl\-¯n\v ImcWamImw. F¶m {InkvXphnÂ, hnizkmtlmZcy-¯nÂ, ]pXnb IpSpw_ambn kaql-¯n \·bpÅhcmbn Pohn¡p¶hcmWv AhÀ. Chsc \bn¡phm³ t{ijvT-·mcpw D­mbncp¶p (5:1). AXpt]mseXs¶ hnhn[ Xc¡mcmb AwK§fpw (DZm. kzX{´À 2:16; ASnaIÄ 2:18þ20; 3:1þ6; 3:7; 5:1þ4). blqZcnÂ\n¶pw hnPmXobcnÂ\n¶pw am\km-´cs¸«hcmbncp¶p AhÀ (4:16; 1:14; 2:10þ11) F¶mWv {KÙ-¯nÂ\n¶v a\Ênem¡m³ Ignbp¶Xv. ssZhimkv{X]cambn ho£n-¨m bptKm-·pJXbn Pohn¡p¶hcpw F¶m X§Ä Pohn¡p¶ kmlNcy§fn Häs¸SepIfpw thÀXncnhpIfpw A\p-`hn¡p¶hcpamb Hcp kaql-¯n\p \evIp¶ D]tZi§fmWv {KÙ-¯n ImWp¶Xv.

apIfn kqNn-¸n-¨ncp¶Xpt]mse ]t{Xmkv ÇolmbpsS acWtijamWv Cu {KÙw cNn¡s¸«Xv F¶ \nKa\w IW¡nseSp¡pt¼mÄ GXm­v 75\pw 90\panSbn cNn¡s¸«p F¶mWv s]mXphmb [mcW. 5:13se tdmans\¡pdn-¨pÅ Be¦mcnI{]tbmKw CXv AD 70\ptijamWv FgpXs¸«Xv F¶p ØocnIcn¡p¶p. Cu teJ\w tdmanemWv cNn¡s¸«Xv F¶Xn\v ]WvUnX-·mcpsS CSbn XÀ¡anÃ. tdmans\ Be¦mcnIamb `mjbn _m_ntem¬ F¶p hnfn¡p¶Xv Pdpkteansâ \mi-¯n\v tijamWv (AD 70) (DZm shfn 14:8; 16:19; 17:5; 18:2, 10, 21).

LS\

D]tZicqt]W FgpXs¸«ncn¡p¶ Cu teJ\-¯n\v hyàamb LS\bp­v.

teJ\-¯nsâ BapJ-¯n A`nhmZ\§fpw (1:1þ2) ssZhkvXpXnbpw (1:3þ12) {]Xymibnte¡pÅ £Whpw (1:13) ImWmhp¶XmWv.
1:14 apXÂ 5:11 hsc D]tZi§fpw {]t_m[\§fpamWv:
I. 1:14 þ 2:10 {InkvXobhnfnbpsS al-¯zhpw AXnsâ ASnØm\ISaIfpw
II. 2:11 þ 3:12 {InkvXobPohnXw A\pZn\PohnX-¯nÂ
III. 3:13 þ 4:11 {InkvXobPohnXw ]oU\§fpsS ]Ým-¯e-¯nÂ
IV. 4:12 þ 5:11 kl\s¯ bmYmÀ°yt_m[t¯msS t\cnSpI
5:13þ14 D]kwlmcw, kam]\miwkIÄ, BioÀhmZw.

km[mcW I¯pIfn ImWp¶Xpt]mse {]mcw` A`nhmZ\t¯mSpIqSnbmWv teJ\w XpS§p¶Xv (1:1þ2). AtX-¯pSÀ¶v IrXÚXm{]Imi\-¯n\p ]Icambn km[mcW D]tbmKn¡s¸SmdpÅ, {]tXyI ImcW§fm ssZhs¯ hmgv¯p¶ `mKw 1:3þ12 ImWp¶p. kPohamb {]Xymibnte¡p \bn¡p¶Xn\pw (1:3þ5), ]co£Ifn B\µn¡phm³ km[n¡p¶Xn\pw (1:6þ9) e`n¡m\ncn¡p¶ c£sb-¸än {]hmNI-·mÀ ap³Iq«n Adnbn-¨Xn\pw ssZhs¯ hmgv¯pIbmWnhnsS. D]tZi-¯nsâ ssien CXnse Hmtcm hmNI-¯nepw ZÀin¡mhp¶XmWv. {]Xo£bpÅhcmbncn¡phm\mWv Ahsc D]tZin¡p¶Xv (1:13).

ssZh-¯m XncsªSp¡s¸«hcpw, AhnSs¯ cà-¯m hos­Sp¡s¸«hcpw hN\-¯m \hoIrXamb ssZh-¯nsâ P\amb kzoIÀ¯m¡Ä ]cnip²cmbn Pohn¡Ww (1:14þ25). AhÀ kPohineIÄsIm­pÅ Bßob-`h\hpw hnip²amb Hcp ]ptcmlnXP\hpamWv (2:1þ10). AXn\m ap³Ime§fnÂ\n¶pw hyXykvXamb Hcp AhØbmWv AhÀ¡pÅXv (2:10). AXpam{XaÃ, ]ctZinIfpw {]hmknIfpsa¶ \nebn \à {]hr-¯nIÄ sN¿p¶hcmIWw. \à ]uc-·mcpw (2:13þ17), A\pkcWhpw hnt[bXzhpapÅ ssZhnI IpSpw_-¯nse AwK§fpw kmtlmZcy-¯nsâ amXrIIfpw BIWw (2:11 þ 3:12).
]oU\§tfmSv {InkvXobamb \ne]mSv kzoIcn¡Ww (3:13 þ 5:11). \oXn¡mbn IjvSXIÄ kln¡phm³ aSn ImWn¡cpXv. AXmWv tbip amXrI. AXp hyàam¡s¸«Xv ]oUm\p-`hactWm°m\§fneqsS AhnS¶v Xn·bpsSta hnPbw hcn-¨XneqsSbmWv (3:13þ22). AXn\m aäpÅhcpsSbnSbn {InkvXpamXrI bmYmÀ°yhevIcnt¡­nbncn¡p¶p (4:1þ6). AXn\pÅ kvYeamWv {InkvXob kaql§Ä (4:7þ11). bpKmt´m-·pJamb ImeL«-¯n kvt\lhpw {]mÀ°\mcq]nbpw ip{iqjmat\m-`mhhpsaÃmw (4:5þ11) {InkvXobkaql-¯nsâ apJap{ZbmWv. kl\§Ä {InkvXphnsâ kl\-¯nepÅ ]¦ptNcemWv (4:12þ19).

t{ijvT³amÀ {InkvXphnsâ kl\-¯nsâ ZrIvkm£nIsf¶ \nebn kvt\lt¯mSpw ip{iqjmat\m-`mht¯mSpw Xo£vWXtbmSpw k·\tÊmSpwIqSn AP]me\w \S-¯Ww (5:1þ5). hnizmknIfmIs«, {]tXyIn¨v bphm¡Ä hnt[bXzhpw hn\bhpapÅhcmIpIbpw ssZh-¯n {]Xymi hbv¡pIbpw thWw (5:6þ11). kl\-¯nÂ\n¶v alXz-¯nte¡v Aev]Zqcw am{XtabpÅq. AXn\m {InkvXobamb hnfnbnepw PohnXssienbnepw Dd-¨p\nev¡phm\pÅ Blzm\t¯msSbmWv {KÙIÀ¯mhv Ahkm\ A-`nhmZ\§fÀ¸n¡p¶Xv.
teJ\-¯nsâ LS\bn hnPmXobcpw blqZcpaS§p¶ ]pXnb {InkvXobkaql-¯n\v \evIp¶ D]tZi§Ä {InkvXobPohnXs¯¡pdn¨pw injyXzs¯¡pdn¨pw DZm-¯amb Nn{XamWv hc-¨phbv¡p¶Xv.

1. {kjvSmhpw Ncn{X-¯nsâ hn[mXmhpamb ssZhamWv (5:10) kaql-¯nsâbpw AXnsâ cq]oIcW-¯nsâbpw ASnØm\hpw DdhnShpw. tbiphnsâ ]oUm\p-`hactWm°m\§fneqsSbpw Acq]nbpsS {]hÀ¯\-¯neqsSbpamWv AhÀ ]pXnb kaqlambn-¯oÀ¶ncn¡p¶Xv (1:1þ2; 1:4 þ 2:10). {InkvXobkaqlw ssZh-¯m XncsªSp¡s¸«hcpw AhnSs¯ cà-¯m c£n¡s¸«hcpw (1:1; 1:18þ19) Acq]nbm hnip²oIcn¡s¸«hcpamWv. ]pXnb PohnX-¯nsâ al¯zhpw khntijXIfpw ssNX\yhpamWv AhcpsS {]tXyIXIÄ. Hcn¡Â AhnizmknIfpw C¶v hnizmknIfpw (1:14þ18; 2:7þ10; 3:12þ18) {]tXyIhn[w kvt\lhpw {]Xo£bpw apJap{ZbmbpÅ PohnXssienbpÅhcpamWv.
2. X§fpsS PohnXw kl\s¯bpw {]XnkÔnIsfbpw A`napJoIcnt¡­ kmlNcy-¯nembXn\m kl\-¯n\v AÀ°hpw kmwKXyhpw tXSp¶ ss{IkvXhkaqlamWnXv. AXn\pXIp¶ \nÀt±i§fmWv kl\s¯¡pdn-¨pÅ ]cmaÀi§fn sXfnbp¶Xv. kl\w ssZhhnizmks¯bpw ssZh-¯nepÅ B{ibs¯bpw hfÀ¯pw (1:6þ7; 4:12); ]m]-¯nÂ\n¶v hnip²oIcn¡pIbpw tamNn-¸n¡pIbpw sN¿pw (4:1þ2) þ tbiphnsâ injy\mbncn¡p¶Xn\m A\p-`hnt¡­nhcp¶ kl\w ssZhs¯ al-¯zs¸Sp-¯p¶Xn\pÅ AhkcamWv (4:16). kl\-¯n kt´mjn¡pI (1:6þ8; 4:13), ssZh-¯nsâ ]co£W§fn {]Xo£bpÅhcmbn Pohn¡pI PohnX-¯n iàns¸Sphm\pÅ Ahkcambn kl\§sf ImWphm³ X¿mdmhpI (1:5; 5:7þ10) XpS§nbh CXn\pZmlcW§fmWv. kl\w PohnXbmYmÀ°yamsW¶pw, kl\acW§sf BßZm\-`mht¯msS t\cn« tbipamXrI A\pIcn¡Wsa¶pw kl\w al-¯z-¯ntebv¡pÅ hgnbmsW¶v D]tZin¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p Cu teJ\w (2:18þ25; 3:18þ22; 4:1þ13; 5:1).
3. tbipinjycpsS kaqlamb {InkvXym\nIÄ hnip²amb PohnX-¯nsâ DSaIfmWv. AXv IpSpw_§fnepw kaql-¯nepw {]ISamIWw (2:1þ15; 4:15þ19). ssZh-`b-¯n Pohnt¡­hcmWv AhÀ (1:17; 3:2þ15). cmjv{S-¯nsâ \nba§tfmSpÅ hnt[bXzw (2:11þ25), kaqlPohnX-¯nse \à s]cpamäw (2:11þ12; 3:8; 5:6), IpSpw_-¯nsâ `{ZX, BßZm\]camb PohnXssien (3:1þ7) F¶nh hnip²PohnX-¯nsâ taJeIfmWv. A\pZn\PohnX-¯nsâ taJeIfn hnip²cmbn Pohn¡phm\mWv Blzm\w.
4. k` F¶ ]Zw {]Xy£ambn D]tbmKn¡p¶nsænepw k`mkaqls¯¡pdn-¨pÅ [mcW teJ\-¯n {]ISamWv. k`mwK§Ä kPohineIfmWv. Ahscs¡m­v k` Hcp Bßob`h\ambmWv ]Sp-¯pbÀ¯s¸«ncn¡p¶Xv (2:5þ9) XncsªSp¡s¸« cmPIobhwihpw ]ptcmlnXKWhpw hnip²P\Xbpw ssZh-¯nsâ kz´w P\XbpamWXv (2:17; 5:9). ssZh-¯nsâ c£mIcamb {]hÀ¯\§fpw AXnsâ ]cnWnX-^e§fpw (1:1; 2:5þ16; 5:10) shfnhmIp¶ ssZh-¯nsâ IpSpw_amWXv. AXn\m Dä_Ô-¯nsâ DujvafXbpw kmtlmZcy-¯nsâbpw hnizkvXXbpsSbpw ]ckv]c[mcWbpsSbpw t{]mÕml\-¯nsâbpw hnizk\obXbpsSbpw A´co£hpw k`mkaql-¯n D­mIWsa¶v {KÙImc³ hnh£n¡p¶p.
5. C¶s¯ `mcXob {InkvXobkaql-¯n\v {]kàamb \nÀt±i§fmWv ]t{Xmknsâ H¶mw teJ\-¯n ImWp¶Xv. {Ko¡pImcpsSbpw tdmam¡mcpsSbpw CSbn hkn-¨ncp¶ {]hmknIÄ'F¶p hnfn¡s¸Sp¶ Hcp kaqlamWv Cu teJ\-¯nsâ kzoIÀ¯m¡Ä. AbÂkaql§Ä {InkvXym\nIsfbpw AhcpsS khntijXbmÀ¶ PohnXs¯bpw IuXpIt¯msSbpw hnaÀi\_p²ntbmsSbpamWv

ho£n-¨Xv. X§fnÂ\n¶v hyXykvXamb PohnXssienbpÅhcmbXn\m AhÀ kwibZrjvSntbmsS {InkvXym\nIsf I­ncn¡Ww. CubÀ°-¯n ss{IkvXht_m²yt¯mSpw \ne]mSpItfmSpw XnIª hnizkvXX ]peÀ¯n \à s]cpamä-¯neqsSbpw hnip²PohnX-¯neqsSbpw {]Xo£m\nÀ`camb PohnXho£W-¯neqsSbpw (1:6þ7; 2:12; 3:18þ22; 5:10) tbiphn\p km£nIfmIpI F¶ shÃphnfn ]t{Xmknsâ teJ\w C¶s¯ tbipinjycpsS ap¼n \nc-´cw DbÀ¯p¶p. kl\-¯nsâbpw {]XnkÔnIfpsSbpw \nanj§fnÂt]mepw tbiphnsâ amXrIbne[njvTnXamb PohnX-¯neqsS temI-¯n\p ap¼n {]Imiambn XebpbÀ¯n \nev¡pI hninjvSamb ImcyamWv.

amXrIm tNmZy§Ä

]pd-¸mSv

1.  BcmWv a¶ km£yt]SI-¯n\p ap¼n kq£n-¨ph-¨Xv?
   (a) andnbw (b) tami (c) Altdm³ (d) P\w
2. amkm F¶pw sado_m F¶pw tami t]cn« Øe-¯nsâ bYmÀ° t]sc´v?
   (a) ko³ acp-`qan (b) ImtZjv _ÀsWb (c) d^oZow (d) s_Àtj_m
3. tamibpsS a¡fpsS t]cv?
   (a) FentbkÀ, Kco_v (b) FentbkÀ, KÀtjmw (c) KÀtjmw, Kco_v (d) KÀtjmw, bqZm
4. '\o sN¿p¶Xp icnbÃ'. Bcv BtcmSp ]dªp?
   (a) tami Altdmt\mSv (b) \mYm³ ZmhoZnt\mSv (c) Altdm³ tamitbmSv (d) Pt{Xm tamitbmSv
5. ]¯p{]amW§fn 'HmÀ½n¡pI' F¶ {]tbmKw tNÀ¯n«pÅ {]tabsa´v?
   (a) IÀ¯r\maw (b) hy`nNmcw (c) km_¯v (d) amXm]nXm¡Ä
6. F´psIm­v _en]oTw \nÀ½n¡m\mWv IÀ¯mhv tamitbmSv Bhiys¸Sp¶Xv?
   (a) kzÀ®wsIm­v (b) tZhZmcp sIm­v (c) a®psIm­v (d) shÅnsIm­v
7. 'I®n\p ]Icw I®v, ]Ãn\p]Icw ]Ãv'. A[ymbhpw hmIyhptaXv?
   (a) 19:22 (b) 20:10 (c) 21:24 (d) 22:7
8. '`qcn]£t¯mSp tNÀ¶p Xn· sN¿cpXv'. A[ymbhpw hmIyhptaXv?
   (a) 22:28 (b) 23:2 (c) 24:25 (d) 20:18
9. hÀjwtXmdpw \St¯­XnÃm¯ DÕhw GXv?
   (a) ]pfn-¸nÃm¯ A¸-¯nsâ Xncp\mÄ (b) ]p¯cns¸cp\mÄ (c) kw`cW-¯ncp\mÄ (d) {]XnjvTmXncp\mÄ
10. DS¼Sn Dd-¸n-¨tijw aeapIfnte¡p Ibdnt¸mbhcn s]Sm-¯Xv Bcv?
    (a) Altdm³ (b) lqÀ (c) \mZm_v (d) A_nlp
11. 'GsX¦nepw {]iv\ap­mbm Ahsc kao]n¡phn³'. Bsc?
    (a) tami, tPmjz (b) tami, Fgp]Xpt]À (c) tPmjz, Altdm³ (d) Altdm³, lqÀ

 

hn. a¯mbn FgpXnb kphntijw

1. BcpsS ASbmfamWv ^cntkbcpw kZp¡mbcpw amXrIbmbn kzoIcnt¡­Xv (16:4)
   (a) tbml¶m³ (b) tbm\mbpsS (c) injycpsS (d) tbml¶msâ
2. kzÀ¤cmPy-¯n henbh³ BcmWv?
   (a) injy³ (b) inip¡sft¸mse BIp¶h³ () inip¡sft¸mse
3. tbip Pdot¡mbneqsS IS¶pt]mbt¸mÄ hgnbnencp¶ ............. AÔ-·mÀ At]£n-¨p.
   (a) H¶v (b) c­v (c) A©v (d) \mev
4. 21:1Â tbip Pdpkteans\ kao]n¡th F¯nb Henhpaebv¡cnsIbpÅ Øew GXv?
   (a) _Ym\nb (b) Pdot¡m (c) _Xv^sK (d) s_sÕsaKv
5. ]p\cp°m\ansöv ]dªhÀ BcmWv?
   (a) ^cntkbÀ (b) kZp¡mbÀ (c) ^cntkbcpw kZp¡mbcpw (d) {]amWnIÄ
6. 22:42 {InkvXp BcpsS ]p{X\msW¶mWv hntijn¸n¡p¶Xv?
   (a) A{_ml-¯nsâ (b) butk-¸nsâ (c) ZmhoZnsâ (d) adnb-¯nsâ
7. tbip FhnsSbmbncn¡pt¼mgmWv thZ\bpsS Bcw-`s¯¡pdn¨p ]dªXv?
   (a) Pdpktean (b) Henhpaebn (c) _Ym\nbmbn (d) \Kc-¯nÂ
8. ........... Znhk§Ä t]msebmbncn¡pw a\pjy]p{Xsâ BKa\w
   (a) ZmhoZnsâ (b) tamibpsS (c) t\mlbpsS (d) GenbmbpsS
9. _Ym\nbmbn tbiphns\ ssXem-`ntjIw sNbvXXv BcmWv?
   (a) Hcp kv{Xo (b) aKvZe\ adnbw (c) kqk¶ (d) kteman
10. tZim[n]XnbpsS ]SbmfnIÄ tbiphns\ sIm­pt]mbXv FhntSbv¡mWv?
    (a) ]oemt¯mknsâ ap¼nte¡v {]t¯mdnb-¯nte¡v (d) aebnte¡v (d) KmKp¯mbnte¡v
11. 27:57Â Acna-¯nbm¡mc³ tPmk-^n\v \evIp¶ hntijWw F´mWv?
    (a) injy³ (b) [\nI³ (c) {]amWn (d) ^cntkb³

hn. ]t{Xmkv FgpXnb H¶mw teJ\w

1. BcmsW¶mWv ]t{Xmkv Xs¶¯s¶ hntijn-¸n¡p¶Xv?
   (a) injy³ (b) inatbm³ ]t{Xmkv (c) tbip{InkvXphnsâ A¸kvtXme³ (d) Zmk³
2. kaql-¯n\v hn. ]t{Xmkv Biwkn¡p¶sX-´mWv?
   (a) kam[m\w (b) Ir] (c) hnip²n (d) Ir]bpw kam[m\hpw
3. Ahkm\Ime¯v shfns¸Sp-¯p¶Xv F´mWv?
   (a) c£ (b) hnip²n (c) \njvIf¦X (d) \oXn
4. 1:13Â \evIp¶ D]tZisa-´mWv?
   (a) hnip²cmbncn¡pI (b) FfnabpÅhcmbncn¡pI (c) ØncXbpÅhcmbncn¡pI (d) kaNn-¯XbpÅhcmbncn¡pI
5. 1:18 {InkvXym\nIÄ hos­Sp¡s¸«Xv ...........
   (a) amt½mZokmbneqsSbmWv (b) {InkvXphnsâ AaqeycàwsIm­v (c) {]mÀ°\sIm­v (d) hnip²nsIm­v
6. IÀ¯mhnsâ hN\-¯nsâkhntijX F´mWv?
   (a) \nXyw \ne\nev¡p¶p (b) ]pÂs¡mSn¡p XpeyamWv (c) iànbpÅXmWv (d) hmSn¡cnªpt]mIp¶XmWv
7. `rXy-·mÀ s]cpamtd­Xv?
   (a) IrXyXtbmsS (b) BZcthmsS (c) ip{iqjmat\m-`mht¯msS (d) FfnatbmsS
8. 3:6 A\pkcn¨v kmdm A{_mls¯ hnfn-¨Xv F§s\bmWv?
   (a) \mY³ (b) bPam\³ (c) `rXy³ (d) ]nXmhv
9. `À¯m¡-·mtc, \n§Ä ........ \n§fpsS `mcyamtcmsSm¯v Pohn¡phn³
   (a) kvt\lt¯msS (b) hnthIt¯msS (c) \·tbmsS (d) Ir]tbmsS
10. .............. IjvSXIÄ klnt¡­nh¶m \n§Ä `mKyhm-·mÀ.
    (a) ]mh§Ä¡pth­n (b) kam[m\-¯n\pth­n (c) \oXn¡pth­n (d) acn-¨hÀ¡pth­n
11. hnizkvX ktlmZc³ F¶p hntijn-¸n¡s¸Sp¶Xv BcmWv?
    (a) ]utemkv (b) Xntam¯n (c) knÂhmt\mkv (d) _ÀW_mkv

sI.kn._n.kn. ss__nÄ I½ojsâbpw
tIcf Im¯enIv ss__nÄ skmsskänbpsSbpw kwbpàm`napJy¯nÂ

temtKmkv Iznkv 2011

1. ]pd-¸mSv 16þ24, 2. a¯mbn 15þ28, 3. ]t{Xmkv FgpXnb H¶mw teJ\w

sI.kn._n.kn. ]»nt¡j³kv ]n.H.kn. ]memcnh«w, sIm¨n þ 682 025

12þmaXv temtKmkv saKmbÚw

temtKmkv \nXyw \ne\nev¡p¶p (]t{Xm 1:25). \nXyXbpsS temtKmkn\p ImenIip{iqj sN¿m³ adnbs¯t¸mse £WnXm¡fmWv \mtamcpcp¯cpw. Ignª HcphÀj¡meambn temtKmkv Iznkv 2011þ\mbn \mw Hcp§ns¡m­ncn¡pIbmWv. ]pd 16þ24, a¯mbn 15þ28, ]t{Xmknsâ H¶mw teJ\w F¶o hnip²{KÙ-`mK§Ä F{Xtbm h«w \mw hmbn-¨pIgnªp! F{Xtbm Ipdn-¸pIÄ \mw X¿mdm¡n¡gnªp! F{Xsb{X [ym\mßIamb \nanj§Ä Cu ss__nÄ `mK§sf tI{µoIrXam¡n \mw sNehn«pIgnªp! CXv kXy¯n Hcp bÚw Xs¶bmWv þ ssZhhN\-¯nsâ kvt\tlm]mk\!

temtKmkv Iznkn\v Ime-¯ns\m¯ \hoIcW§Ä hcp¯p¶Xnsâ `mKambn Hm¬þsse³ cPnkvt{Sj³ GÀs¸Sp¯m³ 2010 Pqsse amk¯nseSp¯ Xocpam\w Cu hÀjw \mw \S¸nem¡pIbmWv. {]mcw-`-¯n {iaIcsa¶p tXm¶ntb¡mhp¶ Cu \qX\ kwcw`w Gsd KpWIcsa¶p {ItaW sXfnbpw. Hcn¡Â data entry \S¯nbm _m¡n Imcy§sfÃmw £Wt\c-¯nÂXs¶ km[yamIpw. am{XaÃ, Hcn¡Â ASn¨pIbänb data hcp¶ hÀj§fnepw D]bpàam¡m\mIpw. `mhnbn temtKmkn\v ]pXnb cq]-`mh§Ä k½m\n¡m³ km[yXbpÅ Cu kwcw`w hnPbn-¸n¡m\mbn ap³ssI FSp¡p¶ ss__nÄ At¸mkvXteäv UbdIvSÀamÀ¡pw aXt_m[\ UbdIvSÀamÀ¡pw aäp `mchmlnIÄ¡pw C¡mcy-¯n {]tXyIw \µn tcJs¸Sp-¯ns¡mÅs«.

]mT-`mK§Ä IqSpX {Kln¡m³ klmbI§fmbn X¿mdm¡s¸«hbmWv Cu eLp]T\¡pdn-¸pIÄ. ss__nfn\p ]pdta Chbpw Iznkv ]¦mfnIÄ \nÀ_Ôambpw hmbns¨mcpt§­XmWv. Ch X¿mdm¡nb {]ikvX ss__nÄ ]WvUnXcmb dh. tUm. tPmk^v ate-¸d¼nen\pw dh. tUm. sXtck¡pw {]tXyIw \µn.

aÕc-¸co£bv¡v BsI 103 tNmZy§fmWpÅXv. Ahbn BZys¯ 100 tNmZy§Ä icnbmb D¯c§sf kqNn-¸n¡p¶ A£c§fpsS tImf§Ä Idp-¸n¡m\pÅXmWv. ]mT-`mK§fnÂ\n¶v 95 tNmZy§fpw eLp]T\¡pdn-¸pIfnÂ\n¶v 5 tNmZy§fpw ]co£bv¡v D­mbncn¡pw. Ahkm\s¯ aq¶p tNmZy§Ä¡v Npcp§nb hm¡pIfn D¯csagpXWw.

Cu hÀjs¯ cq]XmXe aÕc-¸co£ 2011 sk]vXw_À 25þmw XobXn RmbdmgvNbmbncn¡pw. cq]XmXe hnPbnIÄ¡mbn 2011 \hw_À 27þmw XobXn AJne tIcf aÕc-¸co£ ]n.H.kn.bnÂh¨v \S-¯s¸Spw. IgnªhÀjs¯ kwØm\XehnPbnIfpsS t^mt«mbpw cq]XmXehnPbnIfpsS t]cphnhc§fpw Cu eLp]T\-¯n DÄs¸Sp-¯nbn«p­v. AhÀs¡ÃmhÀ¡pw {]tXyI A\ptamZ\§Ä!

km{µamb hNt\m]mk\bn Z¯{i²cmbncn¡p¶ \n§sf hN\w Xs¶bmb ssZhw kar²ambn A\p{Kln¡s«!

kvt\lmZc§tfmsS,

dh. tUm. tPmjn a¿mänÂ
sk{I«dn, sI.kn._n.kn ss__nÄ I½oj³ & sI.kn._n.Fkv.

]pd¸mSv 16þ24

Cu hÀjs¯ temtKmkv Iznkn\pÅ ]gb\nba `mKw ]pd-¸mSnsâ ]pkvXI-¯nÂ\n¶pÅ ]Xn\mdpapX Ccp]-¯n\mephscbpÅ H³]Xv A[ymb§fmWv. IgnªhÀjw ]pd-¸mSp ]pkvXI-¯n\v HcmapJhpw AtXmsSm¸w BZy]Xn\©v A[ymb§Ä¡v Npcp§nb hm¡pIfn hniZoIcWhpw \evInbncp¶Xv HmÀ¡p¶p­mhpatÃm. C{]mhiyw ]pkvXI-¯n\v BapJw BhiyanÃm-¯Xn\mÂ, Ipd-¨pIqSn hniZoIcWw \evImsa¶p IcpXpIbmWv. AXpsIm­v Hmtcm A[ymb§fpsSbpw s]mXphmb {]tabw, a\Ênem¡m³ _p²nap«pÅhbpsS {]tXyI hniZoIcWw, AhXcn-¸n¡p¶ ssZhimkv{Xho£W§Ä F¶nh \evIp¶Xn\v Cu Ipdn¸v {]tbmP\s¸Sp-¯msa¶p IcpXp¶p.
]gb\nba-¯nse BZys¯ A©p]pkvXI§fn ]pd-¸mSp]pkvXIwXs¶bmWv tI{µØm\-¯phcp¶sX¶p \ap¡dnbmw. ImcWw, C{kmtb P\s¯ Hcp P\am¡nbXv ]pd-¸mSpkw-`hw Xs¶. AhÀ ssZh-¯nsâ kz´w P\amsW¶pw ssZhw X§fpsS kz´w ssZhamsW¶pw AhÀ BZyambn A\p-`hn-¨dnbp¶Xpw ssZh-¯nsâ \bn¡en\v AhÀ BZyambn hnt[bs¸Sp¶Xpw hnhcn¡p¶Xv ]pd-¸mSp]pkvXI¯nemWv. ]pd-¸mSp]pkvXI-¯nsâ tI{µambn hcp¶ ]¯pIev]\Ifpw DS¼Snbpw Cu hÀjw \ap¡p ]Tn¡m\pÅ `mK¯phcp¶psh¶Xv {]tXyI {]m[m\yaÀln¡p¶ ImcyamWv.

A[ymbw 16
sN¦S IS¶v jqÀacp-`qanbnse amdmbnse¯n AhnsS\n¶v \ocpdhIfpsS Øeamb Genw tZi-¯ph¶XphscbpÅ kw`h§fmWv ]pd-¸mSp]pkvXI-¯nsâ ]Xn\©mw A[ymb-¯n \mw I­Xv. AXn\ptijw kn³acp-`qanbnse-¯nb P\w `£W-¯n\pth­n apdhnfnIq«p¶Xpw AhÀ¡v AÛpXIcambn a¶mbpw ImS-¸£nbpw \evIp¶XpamWv ]Xn\mdmas¯ A[ymb-¯n \mw ImWp¶Xv.

sN¦S IS¶v C{kmtb P\w ko\mbv acp-`qanbntebv¡p {]thin-¨t¸mÄ t\cn« {]XnkÔnIsf IÀ¯mhnsâ ]co£W§fmbn«mWv s]mXpsh hn. {KÙImc-·mÀ hymJym\n¡p¶Xv. ssZhw CuPn]vXpImsc ]¯p almamcnIÄ sIm­v in£n-¨Xpt]mse C{kmtbens\ ]¯p ]co£W§fneqsS IS¶pt]mIm\\phZn-¨psIm­v Ahsc in£Whnt[bam¡p¶ ssZhs¯ \mw ImWpIbmWv. BZyambn t\cn« {]XnkÔn AYhm ssZh-¯nsâ ]co£Ww ZmlPe£maambncp¶p. AXmWv ]Xn\©mas¯ A[ymb-¯nsâ Ahkm\w \mw I­Xv. c­mas¯ ]co£WamWv ]Xn\mdma[ymb-¯n \mw ImWp¶Xv. Poh³ \ne\nÀ¯m³th­nbpÅ `£W¯nsâ Bhiyw am{XaÃ, amwkw `£n¡m\pÅ AhcpsS AXymisb¡qSn AhcpsS ]cmXn hyàam¡p¶p­v. tamibv¡pw Altdm\psaXncmbn«mWv AhÀ ]cmXn ]dbp¶sX¦nepw AhcpsS ]cmXn BXy-´nIambn bmlvthbvs¡Xncmbn«mWv F¶Xpw tamibpsS hm¡pIÄ hyàam¡p¶p. a¶bpw ImS-¸£nIfpw \evIn IÀ¯mhv Ahsc Xr]vXcm¡p¶p.

a¶: ko\mbv acp-`qanbn kzm`mhnIambn e`yamIp¶ H¶mWv Cu A[ymb-¯n ]cmaÀin¡p¶ a¶mbpw ImS-¸£nbpw. a¶bpsS e`yXsb-¸än c­`n{]mb§fmWv KthjIcpsS CSbnepÅXv. ko\mbv aebnepÅ Gsk F¶ Hcn\w ac-¯nsâ CfwNnÃIfn Pq¬amk-¯n s]m«nhcp¶ a[pcapÅ IdbmWv a¶sb¶pw, AXÃ, tX\o-¨Isft¸msebpÅ Nne {]mWnIfmWv C¯cw sNSnIfn \n¶p \ocpIpSn¨v a¶bpÂ]mZn-¸n¡p¶sX¶pw A`n{]mbap­v. lo{_phn Gsk F¶p hnfn¡s¸Sp¶ hr£-¯n\v Xadnkv¡v F¶v Cw¥ojv ]cn-`mjbpw `m\pIhr£sa¶pw (DXv] 21:33) ]nNpehr£sa¶pw (1 kmap 22; 33:13) Hm¡pacsa¶pw (1 Zn\ 10:12) ]n.H.kn. ss__nÄ ]cn`mjIfpw ImWmw. ssZh]cn]me\bpsS henb ASbmfambncp¶p acp-`qanbn h¨p e`n¨ Cu `£Ww. CuPn]vXnÂ\n¶p h¶ C{kmtbeyÀ¡v A]cnNnXambncp¶ Cu hkvXp I­v AhÀ 'CsX´v?' (am³lp) F¶p tNmZn-¨Xn \n¶mWv a¶ F¶ t]cp­mbXv F¶p hn. {KÙw ]dbp¶p.

ioXIme¯p tZim-´cKa\w \S-¯p¶ Nne ]£nIfmWv ImS-¸£nIÄ F¶mWv ]WvUnXaXw. B{^n¡bnÂ\n¶p ioXImew Ignªv bqtdm-¸ntebv¡p aS§p¶ ]£nIÄ¡v CS-¯mhfambncn¡Ww ko\mbv acp`qan. ]d¶p XfÀ¶ncn¡p¶ Cu ]£nIfmImw AhÀ¡p `£Wambn-¯oÀ¶Xv.

km_¯v: hn{ian¡pI, hncmaanSpI F¶ AÀ°amWv Cu lo{_p]Z-¯n\pÅXv. {Ko¡nepw aäp `mjIfnepw aebmf-¯n¯s¶bpw CtX lo{_p]Zw Nne hyXnbm\§tfmsS D]tbmKn¡p¶p. km_¯v \nbaw a\pjy\·bv¡pth­nbmWv. a\pjy³ A[zm\n¡Wsa¶v ssZhw Iev]n¡pt¼mgpw A[zm\n¡p¶XpsIm­pam{Xaà Ahsâ PohnX-¯n\mhiyambpÅh e`n¡p¶sX¶pIqSn ssZhw ]Tn-¸n¡p¶p­v. AXpt]mse BhiyambpÅh k¼mZn¡p¶Xn\p]Icw BÀ¯n ImWn¡p¶Xv a\pjy\p D]Icn¡pIbnsöp am{XaÃ, Ahsâ t¢iw hÀ²n-¸n¡p¶p F¶pw Bhiy-¯n IqSpXepÅ a¶mtiJcWw ]Tn¸n¡p¶p.

A[ymbw 17

]Xnt\gmas¯ A[ymb-¯n kn³acp`qanbnÂ\n¶p ]pds¸«v d^oZnan F¯nb P\s¯bmWp ImWp¶Xv. IpSn\ocn\pth­n Icª P\-¯n\v AÛpXIcambn ]mdbnÂ\n¶p Pew \evIp¶Xpw AateIycpambn C{kmtb P\X \S-¯p¶ bp²hpw ChnsS hnhcn¡p¶p.

amdm F¶ Øes¯-¯nb C{kmtbÂP\w IpSn\ocn\mbn heªXpt]mse d^oZnanse-¯nb P\hpw IpSn\ocn\pth­n apdhnfn Iq«pIbmWv. amdmbnÂh¨v tamibvs¡Xntc ]ndp]ndp¯ P\w, ChnsSh¨v H¶S¦w tamibv¡pw Altdm\psaXntc ]ndp]ndp¡p¶p, AXnep]cn, AXv BhemXnbpw {]Xntj[hpambn amdp¶p. tami IÀ¯mhnt\mSp \nehnfn-¨p]dbp¶XnÂ\n¶v AXp hyàamWv: 'Gsd-¯maknbmsX AhÀ Fs¶ IsÃdnbpw'. tamitbm IÀ ¯mthm P\s¯ imkn¡p¶nÃ. IÀ¯mhp tamisb C{kmtb t{ijvT-·mcpsam-¯v, \ZnbpsSta ASn¡m\p]tbmKn¨ hSnbpsaSp¸n¨v P\-¯n\papt¼ \bn¡p¶p, tlmsd_nse ]mdta IÀ¯mhp\nev¡psa¶ hmKvZm\hpambn. IÀ¯mhp]dªXpt]mse tami sNbvXp. B Øe-¯n\p amkm F¶pw saco_m F¶pw t]cn«p. ']co£n¡pI' F¶À°apÅ \mkm F¶ lo{_p]Z-¯nÂ\n¶mWv amkm F¶Xnsâ \njv]-¯n. 'Ipäw Btcm]n¡pI', 'aÕcn¡pI' Fs¶ms¡ AÀ°apÅ do_v F¶ [mXphnÂ\n¶mWv saco_m F¶ t]cnsâ DÛhw.

d^oZnan Xmakn-¨ncp¶ C{kmtbeysc B{Ian¨ AateIyÀs¡Xntc tamibpsS \nÀt±i{]Imcw tPmjz BfpIsf XncsªSp¯v bp²-¯n\nd§nbt¸mÄ tami ssZh-¯nsâ hSn ssIbnseSp¯v Altdmt\mSpw lqdnt\mSpsam¸w aeapIfn Ibdn\n¶p. tamibpsS am[yØiàn shfnhm¡nb bp²ambncp¶p AXv. tamibpsS ssIIÄ DbÀ¶p\n¶t¸msgÃmw C{kmtbeyÀ hnPbnIfmbn. kqcymkvXabwhsc Ahsâ ssIIÄ DbÀ¶p\n¶p. tPmjz AateIyscsbÃmw hogv¯n. C¡mcy§Ä IÀ¯mhnsâ \nÀt±i{]Imcw ]pkvXI-¯nsegpXn. tami Hcp _en]oTw ]WnXv 'IÀ¯mhv Fsâ ]XmI' F¶À°apÅ bmlvsh\nÊn F¶p t]cp\evIn. AateIycpambpÅ \nc-´cbp²w IÀ¯mhnsâ bp²ambn AhXcn-¸n-¨psIm­mWv A²ymbw Ahkm\n¡p¶Xv.

AateIyÀ: bmt¡m_nsâ ktlmZc\mb Gkmhnsâ hwi-¯nÂs¸«hcmWv AateIyÀ (DXv] 36:12). ko\mbvacp-`qanbv¡pw Im\m³tZi-¯n\pw at[ybpÅ s\sK_mbncp¶p AateIycpsS ]«Wsa¶pw ChÀ C{kmtb¡mcpambn \nc-´cw bp²-¯nembncp¶psh¶pw kwJybpsS ]pkvXI-¯n ImWp¶p (13:29; 14:45).

A[ymbw 18
tamibpw A½mbnb-¸\mb Pt{Xmbpw X½nepÅ I­pap«emWv Cu A[ymb¯n ImWp¶Xv. c­p `mK§Ä Cu A[ymb-¯n {]ISamWv. 1þ12 hmIy§Ä tami Pt{Xmbpambn hntij§Ä ssIamdp¶Xpw Pt{Xm _enbÀ¸n¡p¶Xpw tamitbmSpw C{kmtbÂt{ijvT-·mcpsam¯p `£Ww Ign¡p¶XpamWv hnhcn¡p¶Xv. F¶m 13 apX 27 hscbpÅ hmIy§fn Pt{XmbpsS \nÀt±i{]Imcw, tami `cWkwhn[m\¯n th­ A\pcq]W§Ä hcp-¯p¶XmWv hnhcn¡p¶Xv.

tamisb kvt\ln¡pIbpw Ahsâ ZuXyw Xncn-¨dnªv th­ klmbw sN¿pIbpw sN¿p¶Xn A\y\m«pImc\mb Pt{Xm k·\Êp ImWn¡p¶p­v. kz´w P\§fpsS CSbnÂ\n¶v Hfnt¨mSns¨¶ tamibv¡p `h\hpw, `mcybmbn aIsfbpw \evInbh\mWv Pt{Xm. CuPn]vXn tamibpsS ZuXy\nÀÆlWIme¯v tami Xsâ `mcysb Ip«nItfmsSm¸w Xncn-¨b-¨t¸mgpw Ahsc At±lw kwc£n-¨pt]m¶p F¶p IcpXmw. ImcWw, tami Ahsc Xncn-¨b-¨t¸mÄ At±lw Ahsc kzoIcn-¨psh¶pw C{kmtbeycpsS tamN\w km[yambt¸mÄ tamibpsS `mcysbbpw a¡sfbpw sIm­v At±lw tamibpsS ASp¯v F¯nt¨À¶p F¶pw Cu A[ymb¯n ImWp¶p­v. Pt{Xm Ahscbpw sIms­-¯nbt¸mÄ tami At±ls¯ D]Nmc]qÀÆw kzoIcn¨v Ipiew ]dªtijw IÀ¯mhv AhÀ¡pth­n sNbvX Imcy§Ä hnhcn-¨p]dbp¶p. Pt{Xm AXn BËmZn-¨v ssZhs¯ kvXpXn¡p¶p. _enIÄ AÀ¸n¡pIbpw AhtcmsSm¸w `£W-¯n ]¦ptNcpIbpw sN¿p¶p. CsXÃmw tamibpw Pt{Xmbpw X½nepÅ lrZb ASp-¸s¯ hyàam¡p¶p­v. AXpsIm­pXs¶bmImw tamibpsS `cWImcy-¯nepw CSs]Sphm³ At±l-¯n\p kzmX{´yw tXm¶nbXpw At±lw \evInb \nÀt±i§Ä DNnXhpw kzoImcyhpambn tamibv¡v A\p`hs¸«Xpw. Ignhpw ssZh`bhpw DÅhcpw kXykÔcpw ssI¡qen shdp¡p¶hcpamb BfpIsf P\-¯nÂ\n¶p XncsªSp¯v Ahsc Bbnchpw \qdpw A¼Xpw ]¯pw hoXapÅ KW§fpsS A[n]-·mcmbn \nban¡phm³ Pt{Xm Iev]n-¨t¸mÄ tami AX\pkcn-¨p. AhÀ P\§fpsSbnSbn \oXn\S-¯n. kp{][m\amb Imcy§Ä am{Xta tamibv¡p ssIImcyw sNt¿­n h¶pÅq.
Pt{Xmsb aäp t]cpIfnepw ]gb\nbaw AhXcn-¸n¡p¶p­v. tamibpsS A½mbnb-¸³, anZnbm³Imc\pw ]ptcmlnX\pamb dhpthemsW¶p ]pd-¸mSp]pkvXIw c­ma[ymbw ]dbpt¼mÄ anZnbm³Imc\pw ]ptcmlnX\pamb Pt{Xm F¶p aq¶mw A[ymbhpw A½mbnb-¸³ Pt{Xm BsW¶p \memw A[ymbhpw ]dbp¶p. F¶m At±ls¯ tlm_m_v F¶pw ]cnNbs¸Sp-¯p¶p­v kwJybpsS ]pkvXIw (kwJy 10:29þ32).

A[ymbw 19

]pd-¸mSp]pkvXI-¯nsâ am{XaÃ, ]©{KÙnbpsSbpw ]gb\nba-¯nsâ Xs¶bpw tI{µamWv ko\mbv DS¼Sn. ]pd-¸mSp]pkvXI-¯nse Cu A[ymbw apXepÅ Ccp]-¯nc­[ymb§fpw tehycpsS ]pkvXIhpw Cu DS¼Snsb¡pdn-¨mWp ]dbp¶Xv. \nbamhÀ¯\{KÙhpw Cu DS¼SnbpsS hniZoIcWambn«mWv AhXcn-¸n¡s¸«ncn¡p¶Xv. d^oZnanÂ\n¶p]pds¸«v AhÀ ko\mbvaebpsS ASnhmc-¯n F¯n AhnsS ]mfbaSn¨p. blqZsc kw_Ôn-¨nSt¯mfw ae ssZhkm¶n[y{]tZiamWv. AXpsIm­v tami ssZhk¶n[nbntebv¡p Ibdns¨¶Xns\ aebntebv¡p Ibdns¨¶Xmbn«p a\Ênem¡mw. AhnsSh¨v ssZhw DS¼Snsb¡pdn¨p tamibpambn kwkmcn¡p¶p. AtXmsSm¸w I\-¯taL-¯nsâ km¶n[yhpw ssZhkm¶n[y-¯nsâ ASbmfambn AhnS¶p ImWn-¨psImSp¡p¶p. X\n¡v Gäw {]nbs¸« P\w, hnip²P\w, hnip²ntbmsS Xs¶ kao]nt¡­Xn\p sNt¿­ Hcp¡§sf¡pdn¨v AhnS¶p tamitbmSp ]dbpIbpw tami AXp P\s¯ Adnbn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. aq¶mw Znhkw IÀ¯mhv ko\mbvaeapIfn AXniàhpw `oXnZhpamb {]Xn-`mk§tfmsS Cd§nh¶v tamisb aeapIfntebv¡p hnfn-¨p. tamibpw Altdm\psamgn¨v aämcpw Xs¶ kao]n¡cpXv F¶dnbn¡pIbpw tami Cd§ns¨¶v AXp P\s¯ Adnbn¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

IgpIsâ NndIpIÄ: C{kmtben\p in£Whpw kpc£nXXzhpw \evIp¶ ssZhs¯ kqNn-¸n¡phm³ ss__nÄ D]tbmKn¡p¶ at\mlcamsbmcp {]XoIamWv 'IgpIsâ NndIpIÄ' F¶Xv. DbÀ¶ ]mdbnSp¡ntem henb ac-¯nsâ sIm¼ntem BWv IgpI³ IqSpIq«p¶Xv. ss[cyhpw, NndIpIÄ¡p iànbpw Ipdª Xsâ Ipªp§sf ]cnioen-¸n¡pIbpw kwc£Ww \evIpIbpw sN¿p¶ IgpIs\t¸mse C{kmtben\pth­n {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ ssZhw \½psS ap¼n kzbw Nn{XoIcn¡p¶p. IqSnsâ kpc£nXXzw Xmev¡menIamsW¦nepw AXpt]£n¡m³ aSnImWn¡p¶ Ipªp§sf¡­v XÅ¡gpI³ AXp Ip¯ns¸mfn¡p¶p. ac-¯n AÅn-¸nSn-¨ncn¡p¶ Ipªns\ XÅnbnSpIbpw sN¿p¶p. F¶m hogp¶ Ipªns\ Xsâ iàamb NndIpIfn Xm§n kpc£nXXzhpw ]d¡phm³ ]cnioe\hpw \evIpw. Cu ]cn]mSn ]eXhW BhÀ¯n¡pIbpw Ipªv kzmX{´y-¯nsâ A\-´hnlmbÊntebv¡p ]d¶pbcpIbpw sN¿pw. CuPn]vXnsâ ASna-¯-¯nepw kpc£nXXzw ImWp¶ C{kmtbensâ kz`mhw AhcpsS ]ndp]ndp¡enÂ\n¶p a\Ênem¡mw. Im\m³tZis¯-¯nbn«nÃm¯ AhcpsS \nÊlmbmhØbpw ssZhw ImWp¶p­v. AXpsIm­v in£Whpw iàamb kwc£Whpw \evIp¶ ssZhs¯ IgpIsâ NndIpIÄ F¶ {]XoI-¯neqsS AhXcn-¸n¡p¶Xv ssZhs¯ {]IrXnklPamb {]Xn-`mk§fneqsS a\Ênem¡p¶ hn. {KÙImcsâ kmaÀ°ys¯ shfnhm¡p¶p­v.

A[ymbw 20

AXn\p tijw ]¯p {]amW§Ä Acpfns¨¿pIbmWhnS¶v. H¶mw {]amWambn, ASna-¯-¯nsâ `h\amb CuPn]vXnÂ\n¶p C{kmtbens\ tamNn-¸n-¨h\mbn«v ssZhw Xs¶-¯s¶ AhÀ¡p shfns¸Sp-¯pIbpw Xm\ÃmsX aäp tZh³amÀ \n\¡p­mIcpsX¶v' C{kmtbent\mSp Iev]n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. IÀ¯mhnsâ \maw hrYm D]tbmKn¡cpsX¶pw IÀ¯mhnsâ Znhkw AYhm km_¯v hnip²ambn BNcn¡Wsa¶pw hniZoIcWw \evIns¡m­v AhnS¶p XpSÀ¶p Iev]n¡p¶p. ]n¶oSpÅ Ggp {]amW§Ä hniZoIcWsam¶pw IqSmsXbmWp \evInbncn¡p¶Xv.
X§Ä¡p kao]n¡m\mhm-¯hn[w ]cnip²\pw `oXnZ\pamWv ssZhsa¶v P\w a\Ênem¡pIbpw ssZh-¯n\pw X§Ä¡panSbn tamisb a[yØ\mbn AwKoIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. H¶mas¯ {]amW-¯n\p ho­pw hniZoIcWambn hn{Kl§Äs¡Xncmbn kwkmcn¡p¶ ssZhw _en]oThpw _enbpw AwKoIcn¡p¶p.
]¯p {]amW§Ä: a\pjy\v ssZht¯mSpw klPohnItfmSpw D­mbncnt¡­ _Ôs¯ \nÀÆNn¡p¶hbmWv ]¯pIev]\IÄ. ]gb\nba-¯nse¶t]mse ]pXnb\nba-¯nepw, AXnepap]cn, am\hkaql-¯n\papgph³ \·bpw kmtlmZcyhpw kzmX{´yhpw Dd-¸phcp-¯p¶ ASnØm\\nba§sf¶ \nebn ]¯p{]amW§Ä F¡mehpw {]kà§fmWv. ]¯p{]amW§tfmSp kmayapÅ \nbakwlnXIÄ ]pcmX\Ime¯v saskms¸mt«anbbnepw aäpap­mbncp¶p. F¦nepw GIssZhhnizmkw blqZP\XbpsS {]tXyIXbmbncp¶p.

A[ymbw 21

21þ23 A[ymb§Ä DS¼SnbpsS ]pkvXIambn«p IW¡m¡mw. '\o Ahsc Adnbnt¡­ \nba§Ä ChbmWv' F¶mcw-`n-¨psIm­v \evIp¶ \nba§Ä 23þmw A[ymb¯n Ahkm\n¡p¶p. ImcWw, 24þma[ymb-¯nâ BZyhmIyw 'IÀ¯mhv tamitbmSv AcpÄs¨bvXp' F¶Xv asämcp XpS¡amWv. AXn\ptijw DS¼Sn Dd-¸n¡p¶XmWp hnhcn¡p¶Xv.
Ccp]s¯m¶mw A[ymb-¯n ASna-¯s¯bpw a\pjyÀ X½n sN¿p¶ tZtlm]{Zhs¯bpw kw_Ôn-¨pÅ \nba§fmWp ImWp¶Xv. Hcphsâ DSaØXbnepÅ arK§Ä sN¿p¶ D]{Zh§Ä¡v DSaØ\mWv D¯chmZnbmbncn¡pI. Ah sIm­p­mIp¶ D]{Zh§Ä¡v \jvS]cnlmcw \evtI­Xv AhbpsS DSaØ\mbncn¡pw. ]e \nba§fpw \½psS ]Ým-¯e¯nÂ\n¶p t\m¡pt¼mÄ {]mIrX§fmsW¶p tXm¶mw. {]tXyIn-¨pw, 'I®n\p]Icw I®v', ']Ãn\p]Icw ]Ãv' XpS§nb \nba§Ä, ASnaIsfbpw kv{XoIsfbpw kw_Ôn¨ \nba§Ä F¶nh. F¶m Ah GXm­p aqhmbncw sImçġpap¼p \ne\n¶ncp¶hbmsW¶v HmÀ½n¡p¶Xpw A¡me¯v \nehnep­mbncp¶ aäp \nbakwlnXItfmSp ]gb\nbas¯ X«n-¨pt\m¡p¶Xpw AhbpsS ImenI{]kàn hn¹hIcambncp¶p F¶p a\Ênem¡p¶Xn\p \s½ klmbn¡pw.

A[ymbw 22

DS¼SnbpsS ]pkvXI-¯nsâ XpSÀ¨bmWv Ccp]-¯nc­mw A[ymb-¯n \mw ImWp¶Xv. ChnsS¸dbp¶ tamjWs¯ kw_Ôn¨ \nba§Ä {KmaoWIÀjIcpsS CSbnep­mIp¶ {]iv\§fpw XÀ¡§fpw ]cnlcn¡p¶Xn\pth­n cq]oIcn¡s¸«hbmsW¶p ImWmw.
Cu A[ymb-¯nsâ ]Xn\mdp apXepÅ hmIy§fn kmaqly\oXn Dd-¸m¡p¶ \nba§fmWpÅXv. ssewKnIXbpsS hnip²nsb FSp-¯pImWn¡p¶ \nba§fmWv 16þ20 hmIy§fnÂ. I\yIIfpsS kpc£nXXzw Dd-¸phcp-¯p¶ \nba§Ä Ds­¦nepw ]pcpj-·mÀ¡pw kv{XoIÄ¡pw Htc \nba§tfm XpeyAhImi§tfm Cu \nbakwlnXbn \evIs¸Sp¶nà F¶p ImWmw. ]n¶oSv, 21þ27 hmIy§Ä kaql-¯nse ]mhs¸«hÀ¡v \oXnbpw kwc£Whpw Dd-¸phcp-¯p¶ \nba§sf AhXcn-¸n¡p¶p. ]ctZin, hn[h, A\mYÀ F¶nhsc D]{Zhn¡p¶XnÂ\n¶p XSbp¶ \nba§Ä hniZoIcn¡pt¼mÄ AhÀ¡pth­n {]XnImcw sN¿p¶Xp IÀ¯mhpXs¶bmWv F¶p hyàam¡p¶Xn\pw hn. {KÙImc³ {i²n¡p¶p­v. 28þ31 hmIy§fn hnip²P\-¯nsâ hnip²n ssZhs¯ BZcn¡p¶Xnepw Bcm[n¡p¶Xnepw {]ISam¡p¶Xn\v D]bpàamb \nba§fmWv.

A[ymbw 23

DS¼SnbpsS ]pkvXI-¯nsâ XpSÀ¨bmWv Ccp]-¯naq¶mw A[ymb-¯nepw \mw ImWp¶Xv. BZy-`mK¯v \oXn\ymbtImSXnIÄ kXykÔambn hn[n \St¯­Xn\p \nÀ_Ôn¡p¶ \nba§Ä sImSp¡pt¼mÄ, XpSÀ¶phcp¶ `mK¯v 10þ19 hmIy§fn aX]camb \nba§Ä AhXcn-¸n¡p¶p. Cu `mK¯p km_-¯phÀjs¯ kw_Ôn¡p¶ \nba§fpw C{kmtbensâ Xncp\mfpIsf¡pdn-¨pÅ \nba§fpamWv ImWp¶Xv. km_-¯phn{ia-¯nsâ ]cn[nbn a\pjyscbpw arK§sfbpw am{XaÃ, `qansb¡qSn DÄs¸Sp-¯ns¡m­v ssZhnI\nba-¯nsâ ka{KXsb FSp¯pImWn¡p¶p. ssZhw krjvSn¨ FÃmänsâbpw \· e£ywhbv¡p¶ ssZhw, krjvS{]]©-¯nsâ apgph³ kpØnXn a\pjysâ kpØnXnsb B{ibn-¨ncn¡p¶p F¶ ]mThpwIqSn ]IÀ¶pXcnIbmWv.
C{kmtbÂP\XbpsS Gähpw {][m\s¸« aq¶p Xncp\mfpIsf¡pdn-¨pÅ \nba§fmWv XpSÀ¶pÅXv. ]pfn-¸nÃm¯ A¸-¯nsâ Xncp\mÄ, ]p¯cns¸cp¶mÄ, kw`cW-¯ncp\mÄ F¶nhbmWh. CuPn]vXnÂ\n¶p ]pd¯ph¶Xns\ A\pkvacn-¨psIm­v ]pfn-¸nÃm¯ A¸-¯nsâ Xncp\mfmtLmjn¡pt¼mÄ hnfshSp-¸nsâ XpS¡hpw HSp¡hpamWv ]p¯cns¸cp¶mfn\pw kw`cW-¯ncp\mfn\pw ASnØm\ambncn¡p¶Xv. Xncp\mfpItfmS\p_Ôn¨p _enbÀ¸W s¯ kw_Ôn¨ Nne\nba§ÄIqSn \evIp¶p­v. ]pfn¸v Xn·bpsS {]XoIambXn\memImw ]pfn-¸nÃm¯ A¸w _enbÀ¸W-¯n\mbn \njvIÀjn¡p¶Xv. arK-¯nsâ Gähpw hninjvS-`mKambn«mWv sImgp¸v ]cnKWn¡s¸«ncp¶Xv. B«n³Ip«nsb XÅbpsS ]men thhn¡p¶Xv A¶s¯ P\XIfpsS CSbn \ne\n¶ncp¶ Hcp am{´nImNmcambncp¶p F¶pw AXn\m AXv C{kmtbÂP\Xbv¡v \njn²ambn F¶pamWv ]WvUnXm`n{]mbw. F´mbmepw Poht\mSpÅ BZc-¯nsâ `mKambn CXns\ IW¡m¡p¶Xmbncn¡pw D¯aw.
20 apX 33 hscbpÅ `mK¯v DS¼Sn Dd-¸n¡p¶Xn\pap¼pÅ hmKvZm\§fpw Xm¡oXpIfpw \evIp¶Xv DS¼SnbpsS ]pkvXI-¯nsâ D]kwlmcambn IW¡m¡mw. hmKvZm\§fpw Xm¡oXpIfpw hmKvZ-¯`qanbpambn _Ôn-¸n-¨ncn¡p¶p. 'IÀ¯mhnsâ ZqX³ Ahsc \bn¡pw' F¶XpsIm­v IÀ¯mhpXs¶ Ahsc \bn¡pw F¶mWÀ°am¡pI. Im\m³tZis¯ P\t¯mSpw Bcm[\mcoXnItfmSpw ]peÀt¯­ \ne]mSpIsf¡pdn-¨pÅ Iev]\IÄ aXklnjvWpXbv¡v FXncmbn«mWp ImWs¸Sp¶Xv. AXpsIm­v A¶s¯ [mÀanI\nehmchpw, hnPmXobcpsS Bcm[\mcoXnIÄ C{kmtbeycpsS hnizmk-¯ns\Xntc DbÀ¯nb `ojWnbpw a\Ênem¡nthWw Cu \nba§sf hnebncp-¯phm³.
'\n\¡papt¼ Rm³ IS¶epIÄ Abbv¡pw' F¶Xv A£cmÀ°-¯n a\Ênemt¡­XnÃ. aäp cmPy¡mcpsS ssk\y§sfbmImw ChnsS Dt±in¡p¶Xv. A¶v i{XpcmPy§fpsS B{IaW§ÄsIm­v ZpÀ_eambncp¶p Im\m³tZiw. AXpsIm­v Cu ZuÀ_eys¯ NqjWw sNbvXv cmPyw IogS¡m\pÅ km[yX C{kmtbens\ t_m[ys¸Sp-¯pIbmWv ChnsS. F´mbmepw AhÀ kmh[m\ta Im\m³tZiw IogS¡nbpÅq F¶v \ymbm[n]-·mcpsS ]pkvXI-¯n \n¶p hyàamIp¶p­v. Cu kmh[m\apÅ IogS¡en\v Hcp \ymbw 29þ30 hmIy§fn AhXcn-¸n-¨ncn¡p¶Xv BIÀjIambncn¡p¶p. C{kmtbensâ AXnÀ¯nsb¡pdn¨v ^nenkvXym¡S F¶p ]dªncn¡p¶Xv a[y[cWymgnsb Dt±in-¨mWv.

A[ymbw 24

IÀ¯mhnsâ kz´w P\ambncnt¡­Xn\pÅ \n_Ô\IÄ FÃmw AhXcn-¸n¨ tijw, DS¼Sn Dd-¸n¡p¶Xnsâ hnhcWamWv Ccp]-¯n\memw A[ymb-¯n ImWp¶Xv. 1þ11 hmIy§Ä DS¼Sn Dd-¸n¡p¶Xnsâbpw XpSÀ¶phcp¶ hmIy§Ä \nba§fpw Iev]\Ifpw FgpXnb Iev]eIIÄ e`n¡p¶Xn\mbn ssZh-¯nsâ aebntebv¡p tami Ibdnt¸mIp¶Xnsâbpw Imcy§Ä hnhcn¡p¶p.
DS¼SnbpsS a[yØ\mbnhcp¶Xv tamibmWv. ssZh-¯nsâ k¶n[nbntebv¡v Ibdns¨Ãp¶Xpw IÀ¯mhns\ {ihn¡p¶Xpw IÀ¯mhp]dª Imcy§Ä P\s¯ Adnbn¡p¶Xpw tamibmWv. DS¼Sn Dd-¸n¡p¶Xn\pth­n tami IÀ¯mhnsâ hm¡pIsfÃmw FgpXnh-¨p. aebpsS ASnhmc-¯n Hcp _en]oThpw ]{´­p tKm{X§Ä¡mbn ]{´­p kvXw`§fpw \nÀ½n-¨p. AXn\ptijw Zl\_enIfpw ImfIsfs¡m­pÅ kam[m\_enIfpw AÀ¸n-¨p. DS¼Sn Dd-¸n¡p¶Xn\pth­n tami IÀ¯mhnsâ hN\§sfgpXnh-¨ncp¶ DS¼Sn{KÙsaSp¯v Dds¡ hmbn-¨p. P\w IÀ¯mhnsâ Iev]\ A\pkcn-¨psImÅmsa¶p {]Xyp-¯cn-¨p. At¸mÄ tami càsaSp¯v P\§fpsSta Xfn¡pIbpw DS¼Sn Dd-¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

hyànIÄ X½nepw cmPy§Ä X½nepw DS¼SnsN¿p¶ ]Xnhv ]pcmX\Ime¯pw D­mbncp¶p. ssZhw C{kmtbepambn sNbvX DS¼Sn¡v lnXycpsS DS¼SnbpsS LS\bmWp­mbncp¶Xv F¶p]dbs¸Sp¶p. GXmbmepw DS¼SnbpsS Dt±iye£y§fpw DÅS¡hpw Cu DS¼Snbn hyXykvXamWv. C{kmtbensâ Ncn{Xw Cu DS¼SnbpsS Ncn{XamWv F¶p ImWp¶Xn sXänÃ.

hn. a¯mbn FgpXnb kphntijw

BapJw

]pXnb\nba{KÙ§fpsS ]«nIbn ImWp¶ BZyt¯Xpw ZoÀLamb 28 A[ymb§fpÅXpamb kphntijamWv hn. a¯mbnbptSXv. kphntijw F¶ hm¡nsâ AÀ°w 'kZvhmÀ¯' F¶mWv. tbiphnsâ P\\w, ]ckyPohnX-¯ns\mcp¡w, ]ckyPohnXw, ]oUm\p-`hw, acWw, D°m\w, kmÀÆ{XnIt{]jnXZuXyw F¶nhsb hnhcn¡p¶ ]pXnb\nba{KÙ§sfbmWv kphntij§Ä F¶p s]mXphmbn hnfn¡p¶Xv. BZnak-`bnÂXs¶ tbiphneqsS bmYmÀ°yhXvIcn¡s¸« c£mIckw-`h-¯nsâ enJnXcq]§sf kphntijw F¶p hnfn¡p¶Xmbn ImWmw (UnUmt¡ 15, 3; s¢aâv 8, 5). hn. a¯mbn FgpXnb {]ImcapÅ kphntijw F¶mWv AXn ImWp¶Xv Hcp]t£ hnhn[ kphntij§Ä cNn¡s¸«pIgnªt¸mÄ Ahsb Xncn-¨dnbp¶Xn\mbn c­mw \qäm­mbt¸mtg¡pw Hmtcm¶n\pw t]cv IrXyambn \evInbXmImw. C¶v e`yamb Gähpw {]mNo\hpw B[nImcnIhpamb c­p ssIsbgp-¯p{]XnIfn (Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Vaticanus) {Ko¡p-`mjbn 'a¯mbnbptSXv' F¶mWv ImWp¶Xv.
 
{KÙIÀ¯mhv

A¸kvtXmenIImew apXevt¡ tbiphnsâ ]{´­v A¸kvtXme-·mcn Hcmfmb a¯mbn FgpXnbXmWv Cu kphntijw F¶mWv ]c¼cmKXamb hnizmkw. HcnP³, Fhptk_nbqkv XpS§nb k`m]nXm¡-·mÀ BZyw FgpXs¸« kphntijw F¶pw CXns\ hntijn-¸n¡p¶ps­¦nepw C¶s¯ ]WvUnXtemI-¯n Cu A`n{]mbt¯mSv tbmPn¡p¶hÀ hfsc IpdhmWv. kphntij§fn Ct±ls¯ ]{´­v A¸kvtXme-·mcn Hcph³ F¶pw, Np¦¡mc³ F¶pw, Xsâ km[mcW tPmen¡nSbn tbiphn\m A¸kvtXmenIPohnX-¯nte¡v hnfn¡s¸«hs\¶pw ImWp¶p (a¯m 9:9þ13; aÀt¡m 2:13þ17; eq¡ 5:27þ32). slÂs]bpsS ]p{X³ tehn (aÀt¡m 2:14) F¶pw Adnbs¸Sp¶ hyànbmWnXv. t]cnsâ AÀ°w 'ssZhZm\w' F¶mWv. Xm³ F´mbncn¡p¶pthm AXv ssZh-¯nsâ Zm\amsW¶v Dd-¨phnizkn¡p¶ hànXzambncn¡Wat±l-¯ntâXv. bYmÀ°-¯n tbipinjy\mb a¯mbn Xs¶bmtWm CsXgpXnbXv F¶v Ak¶nKv²ambn sXfnbn¡pI Gsd {]bmkIcamWv; Hcp]t£ Akm²yhpamWv. F¦nepw {KÙIÀXrXzs¯¡pdn¨v c­mw \qäm­phscbpÅ ]mc¼cyhpw ''a¯mbn FgpXnb {]ImcapÅ kphntijw' F¶ Xes¡«pw kphntij¯n\pw A¸kvtXme\mb a¯mbn¡pw X½nepÅ kPoh_Ô-¯nte¡mWv hnc Nq­p¶Xv. blqZÀs¡XnscbpÅ iàamb hnaÀi\w (DZm. a¯m 23), AhcpsS A\pjvTm\§sf¡pdn-¨pÅ ho­phnNmcw (a¯m 6:1þ18), kmÀh{XnIt{]jnXZuXyw (a¯m 10:5; 28:16þ20) XpS§nb DÅS¡-¯nse {]tXyIXIÄ aqew F¬]XpIfn Pohn-¨ncp¶, {Ko¡v `mj kwkmcn-¨ncp¶, ]gb\nba {Ko¡pXÀÖabpambn \Ã]cnNbapÅ, blqZhnizmkw, BNmc§Ä, t_m[y§Ä F¶nh Adnbmhp¶ Hcp blqZss{IkvXh\mWv {KÙIÀ¯mhv F¶v kaImenI ]WvUnX-·mÀ A`n{]mbs¸Sp¶p.

a¯mbn kphntijIsâ kaqlw

s]mXphmb [mcW ]cnKWn¡pt¼mÄ a¯mbn kphntijIsâ kaqlw ]ekvXo\mbnse blqZss{IkvXhkaqlamWv F¶mWv A`n{]mbw. Cu kaqlw blqZ A[nImcnIsfbpw A\pjvTm\§sfbpw hnaÀi\_p²ym ho£n-¨ncp¶p (17:24þ27; 23:2þ3). Hcp]t£ tbiphnsâ A\pKmanIsf¶ \nebn kn\tKmKpIfpambn _ÔapÅXpw (4:23; 9:35; 10:17; 12:9; 13:54), A¡mcW¯m kl\§Ä GsäSpt¡­nhcnIbpw sNbvX kaqlambncp¶p (10:17; 23:34) CXv. BZyIme§fn blqZ{InkvXym\nIsf am{Xw DÄs¸Sp-¯pIbpw (10:5), ]n¶oSv kIeP\XItfmSpw Xpdhnbpw t{]jnXZuXyhpw ]peÀ¯pIbpw sNbvX kaqlhpw k`bpambncp¶p (a¯m 28:16 þ20; 18) CXv. Cu k`mkaql-¯n {Iahpw Nn«bpw \ne\n¶ncp¶p F¶v ]Xns\«ma²ymbw hyàam¡p¶p. ssZhkm¶n²y-¯n³ XWen sFIys¸«Xpw (18:20þ21; 28:20; 1:21þ23) km¼-¯nItijnbnepw t{]jnXZuXy-¯nepw ap¶n«p\n¶ncp¶hcpamWv AXnse AwK§Ä (a¯m 5:3; 10:9þ10; 18:1þ22). ]gb\nba-¯nsâ ]qÀ¯oIcWambn X§sf-¯s¶ ImWpIbpw tbiphn ]gb\nba{]hN\§fpw hmKvZm\§fpw ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸Sp¶p F¶p hnizkn¡pIbpw sNbvX ]pXnb ssZhP\amWv a¯mbnbpsS kaqlw (1:22þ23; 2:4þ6; 2:23; 12:17þ21; 26:54). \nbas¯ A\pkcn¡p¶hcpw (5:19þ21) F¶m AXn\-¸pdw \nev¡p¶ kvt\l-¯nsâ ]pXnb\nbaw ]qÀ¯nbm¡phm³ hnfn¡s¸«hcpamWv X§Ä F¶Xv Kncn{]-`mjW-¯nÂ\n¶p hyàamWv (a¯m 5þ7). AtXmsSm-¸wXs¶ \Kc§tfmSv _Ôs¸«p\n¶ncp¶hcpw Bbncp¶ncn¡Ww ChÀ (4:23þ25; 9:35).

cN\mImew, Øew

cN\mImes¯¡pdn¨pw Øes¯¡pdn¨pw hnhn[ A`n{]mb§fp­v. BZyambn cNn¡s¸«Xv F¶ s]mXphmb [mcW ASnØm\s¸Sp-¯pt¼mÄ tbiphN\§Ä (Q), a¯mbn kphntijI\v e`yambncp¶ {]tXyI tiJc§Ä (M), Pdpktew tZhmeb-¯nsâ \mis¯¡pdn-¨pÅ ]cmaÀiw XpS§nb hkvXpXIÄ IW¡nseSp¡p¶Xv ØeIme\nÀ®b§Ä¡v klmbIamWv. {InkvXphÀjw 70\pw 90\pw CSbv¡mbncn¡Ww Cu {KÙ-¯nsâ cN\bpw AXnsâ ]qÀ®cq]¯nte¡pÅ hnImk]cnWma§fpw.
hnhn[ Øe§sf {KÙcN\bpambn _Ôs¸Sp-¯mdp­v. Pdpktew, tIkdnb, ^n\ojym, AeIvkm{­nb, kndnbmbnse At´ymIy F¶nhbmWv AXn {][m\s¸«h. hn. a¯mbnbpsS kphntij-¯n blqZcpw {InkvXym\nIfpw CSIeÀ¶p hkn¡pIbpw _Ôs¸SpIbpw sN¿p¶p F¶Xn XÀ¡anÃ. A¡mcW-¯m kndnbmbnse At´ymIymbv¡v ap³KW\ \evIp¶hcmW[nIhpw. C¯csamcp \nÀ®b-¯n\v Dt]mÂ_eIambn kphntij-¯n ImWp¶ asämcp ]cmaÀiamWv tbiphnsâ IoÀ¯n kndnbmbnse§pw hym]n-¨XmbpÅ kphntijIsâ {]kvXmh\ (a¯m 4:24; eq¡ 6:17þ19). At´ymIymbnse `mj {Ko¡mbncp¶p F¶Xpw AhcpsS ]mc¼cy-¯n ]t{Xmkn\v \evIp¶ {]m[m\yw a¯mbnbpsS kphntij-¯nepw ImWp¶p F¶Xpw At´ymIymbmWv cN\mØew F¶ A`n{]mb-¯n\v Dt]mÂ_eIambn \nev¡p¶p. Ctájykv Xsâ teJ\-¯n hn. a¯mbnbpsS kphntijs¯ D²cn¡p¶pap­v.
GXm\pw {]tXyIXIÄ

15þ28 A[ymb§fn a¯mbn kphntijIsâ {][m\khntijXIsfÃmwXs¶ Is­-¯phm³ km[n¡p¶XmWv.

1. a¯mbn kphntijIsâ LS\bn Is­-¯mhp¶ Hcp {]tXyIXbmWv hnhcW§fpw {]`mjW§fpw CSIecp¶ coXnbpw AXnsâ hyàamb D]tbmKhpw. AXns\ ASnØm\s¸Sp¯n kphntijs¯ A©p{KÙ§fmbn hn`Pn¡mdp­v. BapJambn _meyImehnhcWhpw (1:1 þ 2:23), D]kwlmcambn ]oUm\p-`hw, acWw, D°m\w F¶o bmYmÀ°y§fpsS hnhcWhpw (26:1 þ 28:20) ImWmw. 15þ28 A[ymb§Ä \mepw A©pw `mK§fmbn hn`Pn¡mhp¶XmWv. A¸kvtXme]cnioe\s¯¡pdn-¨pÅ hnhcWw (13:54 þ 17:27); k`mßI{]t_m[\w (18:1þ35); AXns\¯pSÀ¶v blqZcnÂ\n¶pÅ FXnÀ¸pIfpsS hnhcWw (19:1 þ 22:46), bpKmt´m-·pJ{]-`mjWw (23þ25). 3:1 þ 13:53 aebnse {]kwKs¯bpw (5þ7), t{]jnX{]-`mjWs¯bpw (9:35 þ 10:42) D]a {]t_m[\s¯bpw {i²n-¨m (13:1þ53) AXn\papt¶mSnbmbpw hnhcW§fpÅXmbn ImWphm³ km[n¡pw (3:1 þ 4:25; 8:1þ5, 34; 11:2 þ 12:50).
2. tbiphneqsS \evIs¸« c£ {]hN\§fpsS ]qÀ¯oIcWamsW¶v D²cWnIfpsS ]c¼cIfneqsS (12) kphntijI³ Øm]n¡p¶p (1:22þ23; 2:5þ6; 15:17þ18, 23; 4:14þ16; 8:17; 12:17þ21; 13:14þ15, 35; 21:4þ5; 27:5þ10). Cu D²cWnIÄ tbiphnsâ hyànXzhpw ZuXyhpambn _Ôs¸«p\nev¡p¶Xn\m kphntij-¯nsâ ssZhimkv{Xhpambn At`Zyambn _Ôs¸«ncn¡p¶p.
3. apIfn kqNn-¸n-¨Xpt]mse ]t{Xmkn\v {]tXyI {]m[m\yw sImSp¡p¶p F¶Xpw hyàamWv. AXn\\pkrXamb hnhcW§Ä kphntij-¯n ImWp¶pap­v (a¯m 17:24þ27; 18:21þ22; 16:17þ20).
4. k`sb¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶ GIkphntijamWnXv. AXn {]m[m\yaÀln¡p¶ hN\-`mK§fmWv 16:17þ20; 18:15þ18. tbiphnsâ PohnXImeL«-¯nÂXs¶ k`sb¡pdn¨v kphntijI³ ]cmaÀin¡p¶p. D°m\-¯n\ptijaà k`sb¡pdn¨p ]dbp¶Xv F¶Xv {]tXyIw {i²bÀln¡p¶p
5. ssZhkm¶n²y-¯nsâ kphntijsa¶v Cu {KÙs¯ hntijn-¸n¡pI km[mWamWv. ssZhkm¶n²ys¯ ]e{]mhiyw Du¶n-¸dbp¶ hnhcW§Ä (1:23; 10:40; 18:20; 23:21; 28:20) ImWp¶p. A´yhn[nbpsS am\ZWvUw aäpÅhcn ssZhkm¶n²yw ImWpI F¶XmWv. k`bnepw t{]jnXZuXy-¯nepw ssZhkm¶n²yw hmKvZm\w sN¿p¶pap­v.
6. shfn]mSpkmlnXy-¯nsâ kzm[o\§Ä¡pZmlcW§Ä Cu kphntij-¯n ImWp¶p­v. BXy-´nIambn ssZh-¯nsâ Ichpw {]hÀ¯\hpw hnPbn¡pw F¶ {]Xo£ \evIp¶ hnhcW§fmWh. \·Xn-·IfpsS t]mcm«-¯n \·bmWv hnPbn¡p¶Xv (23:24þ30, 36þ43; 15:12þ19, 24þ25).

LS\

H¶mas¯ khntijXbn kqNn-¸n¨Xpt]mse kam\amb hm¡pIfn kam]n¡p¶ (7:28; 11:1; 13:53; 19:1; 26:1) A©p ssZhcmPy{]-`mjW§Ä ASnØm\am¡n 5 ]pkvXI§fmbn CXns\ ImWp¶ coXn Gsd {]NmcapÅXmWv. F¶m kaImenI]T\§Ä a¯m 4:17epw 16:21epw tbiphnsâ PohnX-¯nse ]pXnbL«w Bcw-`n¡p¶ hmIy§sf (At¸mÄ apX ....... Bcw-`n-¨p) ASnØm\s¸Sp¯n aq¶p `mK§fmbn hn`Pn¡mdp­v: 1) 1:1þ4, 16 tbiphnsâ ssiihhnhcWw, ZuXy-¯nsâ Bcw`w; 2) 4:17þ16, 20 tbiphnsâ ssZhcmPy{]tLmjWw; 3) 16:21þ28, 20 ]oUm\p-`hw, acWw, D°m\w, kmÀh{XnIt{]jnXZuXyw.

Cu kphntijw tbiphnsâ PohnXw, hyànXzw, ZuXyw, {]hÀ¯\§Ä F¶nh hyàamb ssZhimkv{Xe£yt¯msS hnhcn¡p¶p. tbip ssZh]p{X\pw aninlmbpw ]gb\nba{]hN\§fpsS ]qÀ¯oIcWhpamsW¶v kphntijI³ kaÀ°n¡p¶p. ssZhw \t½mSpIqsSbmbXv Xncn-¨dnbm\pÅ £Ww ChnsSbp­v. ssZh-¯nsâ km¶n²yhpw {]hÀ¯\hpw ASnØm\am¡n temI-¯nsâ AXnÀ¯nIÄhsc Adnbn¡s¸tS­ ZqXmWv kphntijI³ hmb\¡mc\v ssIamdp¶Xv.
apIfn kqNn-¸n¨ LS\b\pkcn¨v 15þ28 A[ymb§fpsS Nn´m[mcIsf Is­-¯mhp¶XmWv. F¦nepw Nne {]tab§Ä {]tXyI {i² AÀln¡p¶hbmWv.

kzÀ¤cmPyw

hn. a-¯mbnbpsS kphntijw ssZhw \t½mSp IqsSbmb tbiphnsâ hyànXz-¯neqsSbpw ZuXy-¯neqsSbpw A\mhrXamIp¶ kzÀ¤cmPys¯bmWv {]tLmjn¡p¶Xv. tbiphnsâ ktµi-¯nsâbpw ip{iqjbpsSbpw k¯bpw kmchpw ssZhcmPy{]Jym]\-¯n DÄs¡mÅp¶p. temI-¯nte¡pw a\pjyPoh\nte¡pw PohnXm\p-`h§fnte¡pw tbip kwhln¡p¶ iàhpw kar²hpamb kvt\l¯nsâ F¯nt¨cemWXv. ssZh-¯nsâ Zm\amWXv. Xn·bnÂ\n¶pw ]m]-¯nÂ\n¶pw tcmK-¯nÂ\n¶pw FÃm ASna-¯§fnÂ\n¶pw tamNn-¸n¨v \s½ kzX{´cm¡p¶ ssZh-¯nsâ kvt\lamWv AXneqsS {]Jym]n¡s¸Sp¶Xv. AXnt\mSpÅ {]XnIcWw {InbmßItam \ntj[mßItam BImw F¶v 1þ14 A[ymb§fnÂ\n¶v hyàamIp¶p. 14:1 þ 16:20 injycpsS kaqls¯ k`bmbn cq]oIcn¡p¶Xn\pÅ Hcp¡§Ä \S¡p¶Xmbn ImWmw. injykaql¯n\v ]pXnb e£yt_m[w \evIn tbip blqZcnÂ\n¶v ]n³hm§p¶p (14:13; 15:21; 16:4). ]pXnb injykaqls¯ kÖoIcn¡p¶Xmbn ASp-¯ A[ymb§fn ImWmw.
tbipinjycpsS kaql-¯nsâ t{]jnX{]hÀ¯\¯nsâ ASnØm\w ssZh-¯nemWv (15:1þ39). AhcpsS kaqlamIs« blqZcpw hnPmXobcpapÄs¡m Åp¶ ]pXnb kaqlhpw. tbiphnepÅ hnizmkhpw A¸w apdn¡Â A\p-`hhpw (15:22þ39) ssIapXembn«pÅhcpw lrZbip²nbpw hnPmXobtcmSpÅ Xpdhnbpw {]tXyIXbmbn IW¡m¡p¶ ]pXnb injyKWamWhÀ. tbiphneqsS kwe-`yambncn¡p¶ ssZhcmPysa¶ Zm\w hnizkn¡p¶ hnPmXobÀ¡pw e`yamWv F¶v tbip hyàam¡p¶p (15:22þ28). F¶m blqZt\Xm¡Ä Ahnizkn¡pIbpw kzÀ¤-¯nÂ\n¶v ASbmfw Bhiys¸SpIbpamWv sN¿p¶Xv (16:1þ12). bYmÀ°-¯n tbiphnsâ {]t_m[\§fpw {]hr-¯nIfpw ssZh-¯nÂ\n¶pÅ \nÀ®mbIamb ASbmfambncnt¡ {InbmßIambn {]XnIcnt¡­hÀ Ahnizkn¡p¶Xn\m tbip AhcnÂ\n¶v ]n³hm§p¶p.

C¯csamcp ]Ým-¯e¯nemWv ]t{Xmknsâ ssZht{]cnXamb Gäp]d-¨n þ tbip aninlmbpw ssZh]p{X\pamsW¶v (16:13þ16). AXnsâ {]XnIcWambn Xsâ kaqls¯ Hcp {]tXyI kaqlambn tbip {]Jym]n¡p¶p (16:17þ20). aq¶p {]tXyIXIÄ {it²bamWv: 1) A¸w apdn¡Â kaqlw; 2) ssZh]p{X\mb tbiphns\ Gäp]dbp¶ kaqlw; 3) blqZscbpw hnPmXobscbpw DÄs¡mÅp¶ kmÀÆ{XnIXbpÅ CutimbpsS kaqlw.

k`mkaqlw

kphntij]ptcmKXnbpsS aq¶mw `mKw (16:21 þ 20:34) aq¶p ]oUm\p-`h{]hN\§fne[njvTnXhpw AXnt\mSpÅ injycpsS {]XnIcW-¯m {i²n¡s¸Sp¶Xpamb hnhcW§fpw {]`mjW§fpamWv. tbiphnsâbpw injycpsSbpw k`bpsSbpw PohnX-¯n kl\actWm°m\§Ä¡v {]kànbp­v.c£bpsS tI{µamb PdpkteanemWv AXv Act§dp¶Xv. AXn\v ssZhnIamb ØncoIcWw Xmt_mÀ A\p-`h-¯n e`n¡p¶p. injyÀ Aev]hnizmknIfmbXn\m {Kln¡p¶Xn ]cmPbs¸Sp¶p (16:21þ23; 17:22þ24; 20:17þ19). acW¯nÂ\n¶pw Poh\nte¡pÅ kp\nÝnXamb hgnbmWv kl\Zmk\mb tbiphntâXv. AXns\ amXrIbmbn kzoIcn¨v injyÀ BßXymKw sN¿Ww; Ipcniphln¡Ww; ]pXnb aqey§Ä kzmb-¯am¡Ww; A]c\mbn PohnXw ip{iqjbm¡Ww (20:20þ28); Cu kaql-¯nÂ, k`bnÂ, t\XrXzw ip{iqjbmWv (18:1þ4); IcpX {]tXyIXbmWv (8:5þ14); kmtlmZcy-`mhhpw ]cn[nIfnÃm¯ £abpw PohnXssienbmWv (18:21þ35); inip-`mhhpw auenIamb k¼-¯nt\mSpÅ \ne]mSpw injy\v shÃphnfnbmWv (19:1þ29). C¯cw \ho\-`mh§fpÅ kaqlamWv tbiphnsâ k`. AhnsS ssZh-¯nsâ c£mIcamb km¶n²yw kZm A\p-`hthZyhpw (19:1 þ 20:34).

Pdpktean (21:1 þ 25:46)

Pdpktew c£bpsS tI{µamWv. AhnsSbmWv tbiphneqsS \evIs¸« c£bpsS al\obaplqÀ¯§fpw cwK§fpw Act§dp¶Xv. ]oUm\p-`h-¯nte¡p \bn¡p¶ kwLÀjmßIamb cwK§fmWv 21:1 þ 25:46 ImWp¶Xv. XpS¡w tbiphns\ ZmhoZnsâ ]p{X\mbn {]Jym]n¡p¶ c­v AÔbmNIcn ImWmw. bpKm-´y{]hmNI\mbn tbip cmPIobambmWv Pdpktean {]thin¡p¶Xv (21:1þ11); ]nXr-`h\-¯nsâ B[nImcnIX blqZcnÂ\n¶pw GsäSp¡p¶Xv (21:12þ13). AXn\p In«nb {]XnIcWw blqZcpsS ISp¯ FXnÀ¸mWv. A¯nhr£-¯nsâ \mihpw ^eanÃmbvabpw blqZcpsS Ahnizmk¯nsâ taepÅ hn[nbmWv (21:18þ22). hn. a¯mbnbpsS kphntij-¯n blqZtcmSpÅ hnaÀi\mßIamb kao]\w aXt\Xm¡fpambpÅ kwhmZ-¯nÂ\n¶pw hyàamWv (21:23 þ 23:39). blqZÀ, c£sb AdnªpkzoIcnt¡­hÀ, XnckvIcn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p F¶mWv aq¶v D]aIfpw ]dbp¶Xv (21:23 þ 22:14). hnhmZ§sf ZmhoZnsâ ]p{X³ JWvUn¡p¶p F¶v kphntijI³ Øm]n¡p¶pap­v (22:15þ40). tbiphn hnizkn¡m-¯hcpw AhnSs¯ sIWnbn hogv¯m³ {ian-¨hcpw I]Sa\kvIcmsW¶v tbip ZpcnX{]Jym]\§fneqsS hn[n {]Jym]n¡p¶p. A¡mcW-¯m AhÀ in£bv¡p hnt[bcm¡s¸Spw (23:1þ39). AhcpsS hm¡pw {]hr-¯nbpw X½nepÅ A´cw, hnIeamb `àn, B´cnIip²nbnÃmbva F¶nh ZpcnX-¯n\v ImcWamIp¶p. AhÀ¡v am\km-´c-¯n\pÅ Ahkcw C\n hcm-¯hn[w IS¶pt]mIp¶Xv tbip Pdpkteans\ ]cnXyPn¨v IS¶pt]mIp¶Xn ImWmw. hn[nbmf\mbn AhnS¶v Xncn-¨phcpw. hn[nbpsS am\ZWvUw A]c\n ssZhs¯ ZÀin¨v Dä_Ô-¯n Pohn¡pt¶m F¶XmWv. AXn\pÅ amXrI hm¡nepw {]hr-¯nbnepw A]c\v c£bmb tbipXs¶ (bpKm-´y{]-`mjWw: a¯m 24þ25).
]oUm\p-`hhnhcWw (a¯m 26þ27)

Ipcninsâ XWenemWv tbiphnsâ PohnXIY a¯mbn kphntijI³ AhXcn-¸n¡p¶Xv. kv\m]Isâ PohnXhpw {Iqcamb acWhpw ]oUm\p-`h{]hN\§fpw tbiphnt\mSpÅ XnckvIcW§fpw hmKzmZ§fpw sN¶hkm\n¡p¶Xv tbiphnsâ acW-¯nemWv. \mep kphntij§fpw Hcpt]mse hnhcn¡p¶ Ncn{XbmYmÀ°yw IqSnbmWXv. Hcphi¯v temI-¯nsâ \ne]mSpIÄ XnanÀ¯mSpt¼mÄ adphi-¯v tbiphnsâ \ne]mSpIÄ ssZhnI\ne]mSpIfmIpIbpw \·bpsS hnPb-¯nte¡p \bn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. GXm\pw {][m\ ktµi§Ä kphntijI³ \evIp¶p­v.

1. Xsâ PohnXImew apgph³ ssZhlnXw \ndthäp¶ tbip ssZhlnXt¯mSpÅ \nc-´camb Xsâ hnizkvXX ]oUm\p-`h-¯nepw acW-¯nepw hyàam¡p¶p (26:26þ29; 26:47þ56; 27:50).
2. Xsâ kl\-¯neqsSbpw acW-¯neqsSbpw tbip a\pjyIpes¯ Xn·bnÂ\n¶pw acW-¯nÂ\n¶pw tamNn-¸n¡p¶p (a¯m 26:28; 27:42).
3. kl\acW§Ä al-¯z-¯nte¡pw hnPb-¯nte¡papÅ hgnbmWv (26:64; 27:62þ66; 28:11þ15).
4. kl\-¯nsâbpw acW-¯nsâbpw {]XnkÔnbn tbip bYmÀ° hnizmk PohnX-¯nsâ amXrIbmIp¶p (26:52þ54; 26:47þ56; 26:69 þ75).
5. tbipinjy³ ]cmPbs¸Spt¼mÄ ]pXnb hyànXz§Ä hnizmk-¯nsâbpw ss{IkvXhaqey§fpsSbpw amXrIbmIp¶p (26:6þ13; 27:19; 27:54).
6. kl\-¯n\v D¯cw kvt\l]qÀÆIamb BßZm\amWv. AXn\m AÀ¸W-¯neqsS A\izcXbn F¯nt¨cpI. A\izcXbnte¡pÅ IS¶pt]mIemWv acWw. ]nXr-`h\-¯nte¡pÅ kt´mjIcamb Xncn-¨pbm{Xbpw.

D°m\w, kmÀÆ{XnI t{]jnXXzw (a¯m 28)

tbiphnsâ D°m\w ssZh-¯nsâ hnPb-¯nsâ IYbmWv, Ncn{XbmYmÀ°yamWv, D°nX\mb tbip t\cn injy-·mÀ Adnª\p-`hn-¨XpamWv. tbiphnsâ kaImenItcmSmWv tbip D°nX\mbn F¶p {]tLmjn¡p¶Xpw. D°m\s¯ t\cn«dnª injy³, kphntijI-·mcneqsS ssIamdp¶ sXfnhpIÄ D°m\hnhcW§fn ImWmw: 1) iq\yamb IÃd; 2) D°nXsâ {]Xy£s¸SepIÄ; 3) amemJamcpsS km£yw; 4) XncpenJnX§fpsS ]qÀ¯oIcWw. IÃdbn `{Zambn AS¡s¸«hÀ hnPb{ioemfnX\mbn D°nX\mbncn¡p¶p. tbiphnsâ D°m\amWv A\pKmanIfpsS D°m\-¯nsâ ASnØm\w (1 sImdn 15; 1 sXk 4:13þ18; tdma 1:3þ4). kphntij-¯nsâ Ahkm\-¯n (28:16þ20) D°m\ktµi-¯nsâ kamlmchpw aninlmimkv{X-¯nsâbpw k`mhnÚm\ob-¯nsâbpw kmckw{Klhpw DÄs¡mÅn-¨ncn¡p¶Xmbn ImWmhp¶XmWv. Hcp Ime¯v C{kmtbensâ \jvSs¸« BSpIfnte¡v t]mIphn³ (a¯m 10:5) F¶ t{]jnXZuXyw {KÙ-¯nsâ Ahkm\-¯n kIeP\XIfnte¡pambpÅ ZuXyambn ]cnWan-¨ncn¡p¶p. D°nX\mb tbip Keoenbnse aeapIfn A[nImct¯msS Xsâ injyKWs¯ hnfn-¨pIq«nbmWv kmÀÆ{XnI t{]jnXZuXyadnbn¡pI. ZuXy-¯nsâ DÅS¡w 1) FÃm P\XIsfbpw injys¸Sp-¯pI 2) Úm\kv\m\s¸Sp-¯pI 3) Iev]\IÄ ]men¡phm³ ]Tn-¸n¡pI F¶nhbmWv. ]gb\nbahnhcW§fn ZuXy\nÀhmlIÀ¡v ssZhw Xsâ klmbw hmKvZm\w sNbvXXpt]mse (]pd 3:12; tPmjz 1:5; Psd 1:8; Gi 41:10; 43:2þ5) D°nXsâ km¶n²yw t{]jnXÀ¡v kwe-`yambncn¡pw (a¯m 1:23; 18:20þ21; 28:20). tbip D°nX\mbn ]nXmhnt\mSpIqsSbmbncn¡p¶p; bpKm-´ywhsc injykaqlt¯mSpIqSnbpw Bbncn¡pw.

hn. ]t{Xmkv FgpXnb H¶mw teJ\w

BapJw

]pXnb\nba{KÙ§fpsS ]«nIbn teJ\§fpsS ]c¼cbnÂs]«Xpw ImtXmenIteJ\§Ä (1, 2 ]t{Xmkv, bmt¡m_v, bqZm; 1, 2, 3 tbml) F¶ ioÀjI-¯n³ XWen Adnbs¸Sp¶Xpamb ]pXnb\nba{KÙamWv hn. ]t{Xmkv FgpXnb H¶mw teJ\w. 'ImtXmenIw' F¶ ]Z-¯n\v 's]mXphmbn«pÅXv' 'kmÀh{XnIw' Fs¶ms¡bmWv AÀ°w. \memw \qäm­n tIkdnbmbnse Fhptk_nbqkmWv CXp {]tbmKn-¨Xv. F¦nepw c­mw \qäm­papX¡pXs¶ Cu {KÙ§fn NneXns\ kmÀh{XnIteJ\§Ä F¶p]dªpXpS§nbncp¶p. F¶m FÃmbnS¯pw CXv Hcpt]mse AwKoIcn¡s¸«ncp¶nà F¶ Imcyhpw Fhptk_nbpkv km£ys¸Sp-¯p¶p­v.
hn. ]t{Xmknsâ t]cn FgpXs¸«ncn¡p¶Xn\m ]pcmX\Imew apXÂt¡ Cu {KÙ¯n\v {]m[m\yw \evIs¸«ncp¶p F¶XmWv bmYmÀ°yw. BZnak-`bn k`m]nXm¡-·mcmb t]mfn¡mÀ¸v, tdmanse s¢aâv, At´ymIybnse Ctájykv F¶nhÀ¡v Cu teJ\s¯¡pdn¨v Adnhp­mbncp¶p. AXn\m H¶mw \qäm­nsâ Bcw-`-¯nÂXs¶ Cu {KÙw hnhn[ ss{IkvXhkaql§fn {]Ncn-¨ncp¶p F¶v A\pam\n¡mhp¶XmWv.

{KÙIÀ¯mhv

]c¼cmKXamb hnizmk]mc¼cya\pkcn¨v hn. ]t{XmkmWv {KÙImc³. At±ls¯¡pdn-¨pÅ ]pXnb\nbahnhcW§Ä [mcmfamWv. inatbm³ _mÀ tPm\m F¶ \ma-¯nemWv At±lw Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv (a¯m 16:17; tbml 21:15). KeoenIS¯oc¯v ao³ ]nSp-¯-¯n GÀs¸«ncn¡pt¼mgmWv tbip ]t{Xmkns\ hnfn¡p¶Xv (a¯m 4:18; tbml 1:40þ42). tbip At±l-¯n\v tI¸m F¶v t]cp \evIp¶p­v (tbml 1:42; a¯m 16:18). injycn {]apJ³, tbip ssZh]p{X\msW¶v km£ys¸Sp-¯p¶ {][m\injy³ (a¯m 16:13þ19; aÀt¡m 8:27þ30; eq¡m 9:18þ21; tbml 6:68þ69). tbiphnsâ ]ckyPohnX-¯n\pw ]oUmkl\-¯n\pw D°m\-¯n\pw km£nbmb hyànbmWv hn. ]t{XmkvÇolm (a¯m 26:69þ75; tbml 20:2þ10; 21:1þ14; 21:15þ19; a¯m 28:16þ20; A¸. 1þ15).

F¶m ]t{Xmknsâ H¶mw teJ\s¯¡pdn-¨pÅ ]T\§fn an¡hbpw Cu teJ\w hn. ]t{Xmkv FgpXnbXà F¶ \nKa\-¯nemWv F¯n\nev¡p¶Xv. ImcW§Ä ]eXmWv: 1) teJ\IÀ¯mhnsâ {Ko¡p-`mjbpsS ta·bpw khntijXbpw; 2) ]gb\nba-¯nsâ {Ko¡phnhÀ¯\amb sk]vXzPn-´n (LXX) \n¶papÅ D²cWnIÄ; 3) teJ\-¯nsâ ssienbpw AXn D]tbmKs¸Sp-¯nbncn¡p¶ kmlnXycq]§fpsS ta·bpw; 4) '{InkvXphnembncn¡pI' ('in christ', 3:16; 5:10, 14) F¶ {]tbmKw km[mcW ]utemkv ÇolmbpsS teJ\§fn ImWp¶ ]Z{]tbmKamWv. AXpt]mseXs¶bmWv tbiphnt\msSm¯v kln¡phm\pÅ Blzm\hpw (4:13; 5:1) tbiphnsâ ]oUm\p-`hactWm°m\§sf ¡pdn¨pw AXnsâ ^es¯¡pdn-¨papÅ hnNn-´\hpw (1:18þ19; 2:24). AXn\m Cu {KÙw hn. ]utemknsâ teJ\§Ä cNn¡s¸«Xn\ptijw FgpXs¸«XmWv F¶ A`n{]mb-¯n\v ap³Xq¡w D­v. A§s\sb¦n A¸kvtXmenI ]mc¼cy-¯n ASnØm\s¸Sp¯n hn. ]utemknsâ Imetijw (AD 68) Bsc¦nepw cNn-¨Xmbncn¡Ww F¶p IcptX­nhcpw. am{Xaà {KÙIÀ¯mhv ]t{Xmkv F¶ t]cnemWv ]cnNbs¸Sp-¯p¶Xv, inatbm³ ]t{Xmkv F¶Ã; ]t{Xmknsâ B[nImcnIX AwKoIcn¡p¶hÀ Cu {KÙcN\bv¡p ImcWamIm\pw km[yX GsdbmWv. AXnsâ kqN\IÄ ]pXnb\nba-¯n ]t{Xmkns\¡pdn-¨pÅ ]cmaÀi§fnÂ\n¶pw Is­-¯m³ km[n¡psa¶ A`n{]mbw XÅn¡fbphm³ km[yaà (aÀt¡m 5:37; Kem 2:9; A¸. 12:12þ17; 1 ]t{Xm 5:12þ13).

kzoIÀ¯m¡Ä, cN\mImew, Øew

1 ]t{Xm1:1 kzoIÀ¯m¡sf 't]m´qkv, Kem-¯nb, I¸tUm-¨nb, Bknbm, _nYo\nb' F¶nhnS§fn {]hmknIfmbn Ignbp¶hÀ F¶mWv hntijn-¸n¡p¶Xv. {]hmknIÄ¡mbn F¶p hntijn-¸n¡s¸Sp¶ I¯nsâ DÅS¡w D]tZi§fmWv. ]Ým-¯eamIs« kl\§fptSXpw. kl\-¯nsâ kmlNcy§sf F§s\ A`napJoIcn¡Wsa¶v D]tZin¡pIbpw Ahsc ss[cys¸Sp-¯pIbpw sN¿pI F¶XmWv e£yw. kzoIÀ¯m¡fmbn hntijn-¸n¡s¸Sp¶ Gjymssa\À hmknIfpsS kmlNcys¯ {]hmknIÄ, ]ctZinIÄ, hnPmXobcpsS CSbn hkn¡p¶hÀ (1:1; 2:11), XncsªSp¡s¸« (1:1; 5:13þ14) hwihpw cmPIob ]ptcmlnXKWhpw, hnip²P\Xbpw ssZh-¯nsâ kz´w P\hpw (2:9þ10) Fs¶ÃmamWv Nn{XoIcn-¨ncn¡p¶Xv. Hcp]t£ AhÀ Pohn¡p¶ kmlNcy-¯nse Häs-¸Sp-¯epItfm, ]cZqjW§tfm FÃmw kl\-¯n\v ImcWamImw. F¶m {InkvXphnÂ, hnizkmtlmZcy-¯nÂ, ]pXnb IpSpw_ambn kaql-¯n \·bpÅhcmbn Pohn¡p¶hcmWv AhÀ. Chsc \bn¡phm³ t{ijvT-·mcpw D­mbncp¶p (5:1). AXpt]mseXs¶ hnhn[ Xc¡mcmb AwK§fpw (DZm. kzX{´À 2:16; ASnaIÄ 2:18þ20; 3:1þ6; 3:7; 5:1þ4). blqZcnÂ\n¶pw hnPmXobcnÂ\n¶pw am\km-´cs¸«hcmbncp¶p AhÀ (4:16; 1:14; 2:10þ11) F¶mWv {KÙ-¯nÂ\n¶v a\Ênem¡m³ Ignbp¶Xv. ssZhimkv{X]cambn ho£n-¨m bptKm-·pJXbn Pohn¡p¶hcpw F¶m X§Ä Pohn¡p¶ kmlNcy§fn Häs¸SepIfpw thÀXncnhpIfpw A\p-`hn¡p¶hcpamb Hcp kaql-¯n\p \evIp¶ D]tZi§fmWv {KÙ-¯n ImWp¶Xv.

apIfn kqNn-¸n-¨ncp¶Xpt]mse ]t{Xmkv ÇolmbpsS acWtijamWv Cu {KÙw cNn¡s¸«Xv F¶ \nKa\w IW¡nseSp¡pt¼mÄ GXm­v 75\pw 90\panSbn cNn¡s¸«p F¶mWv s]mXphmb [mcW. 5:13se tdmans\¡pdn-¨pÅ Be¦mcnI{]tbmKw CXv AD 70\ptijamWv FgpXs¸«Xv F¶p ØocnIcn¡p¶p. Cu teJ\w tdmanemWv cNn¡s¸«Xv F¶Xn\v ]WvUnX-·mcpsS CSbn XÀ¡anÃ. tdmans\ Be¦mcnIamb `mjbn _m_ntem¬ F¶p hnfn¡p¶Xv Pdpkteansâ \mi-¯n\v tijamWv (AD 70) (DZm shfn 14:8; 16:19; 17:5; 18:2, 10, 21).

LS\

D]tZicqt]W FgpXs¸«ncn¡p¶ Cu teJ\-¯n\v hyàamb LS\bp­v.

teJ\-¯nsâ BapJ-¯n A`nhmZ\§fpw (1:1þ2) ssZhkvXpXnbpw (1:3þ12) {]Xymibnte¡pÅ £Whpw (1:13) ImWmhp¶XmWv.
1:14 apXÂ 5:11 hsc D]tZi§fpw {]t_m[\§fpamWv:
I. 1:14 þ 2:10 {InkvXobhnfnbpsS al-¯zhpw AXnsâ ASnØm\ISaIfpw
II. 2:11 þ 3:12 {InkvXobPohnXw A\pZn\PohnX-¯nÂ
III. 3:13 þ 4:11 {InkvXobPohnXw ]oU\§fpsS ]Ým-¯e-¯nÂ
IV. 4:12 þ 5:11 kl\s¯ bmYmÀ°yt_m[t¯msS t\cnSpI
5:13þ14 D]kwlmcw, kam]\miwkIÄ, BioÀhmZw.

km[mcW I¯pIfn ImWp¶Xpt]mse {]mcw` A`nhmZ\t¯mSpIqSnbmWv teJ\w XpS§p¶Xv (1:1þ2). AtX-¯pSÀ¶v IrXÚXm{]Imi\-¯n\p ]Icambn km[mcW D]tbmKn¡s¸SmdpÅ, {]tXyI ImcW§fm ssZhs¯ hmgv¯p¶ `mKw 1:3þ12 ImWp¶p. kPohamb {]Xymibnte¡p \bn¡p¶Xn\pw (1:3þ5), ]co£Ifn B\µn¡phm³ km[n¡p¶Xn\pw (1:6þ9) e`n¡m\ncn¡p¶ c£sb-¸än {]hmNI-·mÀ ap³Iq«n Adnbn-¨Xn\pw ssZhs¯ hmgv¯pIbmWnhnsS. D]tZi-¯nsâ ssien CXnse Hmtcm hmNI-¯nepw ZÀin¡mhp¶XmWv. {]Xo£bpÅhcmbncn¡phm\mWv Ahsc D]tZin¡p¶Xv (1:13).

ssZh-¯m XncsªSp¡s¸«hcpw, AhnSs¯ cà-¯m hos­Sp¡s¸«hcpw hN\-¯m \hoIrXamb ssZh-¯nsâ P\amb kzoIÀ¯m¡Ä ]cnip²cmbn Pohn¡Ww (1:14þ25). AhÀ kPohineIÄsIm­pÅ Bßob-`h\hpw hnip²amb Hcp ]ptcmlnXP\hpamWv (2:1þ10). AXn\m ap³Ime§fnÂ\n¶pw hyXykvXamb Hcp AhØbmWv AhÀ¡pÅXv (2:10). AXpam{XaÃ, ]ctZinIfpw {]hmknIfpsa¶ \nebn \à {]hr-¯nIÄ sN¿p¶hcmIWw. \à ]uc-·mcpw (2:13þ17), A\pkcWhpw hnt[bXzhpapÅ ssZhnI IpSpw_-¯nse AwK§fpw kmtlmZcy-¯nsâ amXrIIfpw BIWw (2:11 þ 3:12).
]oU\§tfmSv {InkvXobamb \ne]mSv kzoIcn¡Ww (3:13 þ 5:11). \oXn¡mbn IjvSXIÄ kln¡phm³ aSn ImWn¡cpXv. AXmWv tbip amXrI. AXp hyàam¡s¸«Xv ]oUm\p-`hactWm°m\§fneqsS AhnS¶v Xn·bpsSta hnPbw hcn-¨XneqsSbmWv (3:13þ22). AXn\m aäpÅhcpsSbnSbn {InkvXpamXrI bmYmÀ°yhevIcnt¡­nbncn¡p¶p (4:1þ6). AXn\pÅ kvYeamWv {InkvXob kaql§Ä (4:7þ11). bpKmt´m-·pJamb ImeL«-¯n kvt\lhpw {]mÀ°\mcq]nbpw ip{iqjmat\m-`mhhpsaÃmw (4:5þ11) {InkvXobkaql-¯nsâ apJap{ZbmWv. kl\§Ä {InkvXphnsâ kl\-¯nepÅ ]¦ptNcemWv (4:12þ19).

t{ijvT³amÀ {InkvXphnsâ kl\-¯nsâ ZrIvkm£nIsf¶ \nebn kvt\lt¯mSpw ip{iqjmat\m-`mht¯mSpw Xo£vWXtbmSpw k·\tÊmSpwIqSn AP]me\w \S-¯Ww (5:1þ5). hnizmknIfmIs«, {]tXyIn¨v bphm¡Ä hnt[bXzhpw hn\bhpapÅhcmIpIbpw ssZh-¯n {]Xymi hbv¡pIbpw thWw (5:6þ11). kl\-¯nÂ\n¶v alXz-¯nte¡v Aev]Zqcw am{XtabpÅq. AXn\m {InkvXobamb hnfnbnepw PohnXssienbnepw Dd-¨p\nev¡phm\pÅ Blzm\t¯msSbmWv {KÙIÀ¯mhv Ahkm\ A-`nhmZ\§fÀ¸n¡p¶Xv.
teJ\-¯nsâ LS\bn hnPmXobcpw blqZcpaS§p¶ ]pXnb {InkvXobkaql-¯n\v \evIp¶ D]tZi§Ä {InkvXobPohnXs¯¡pdn¨pw injyXzs¯¡pdn¨pw DZm-¯amb Nn{XamWv hc-¨phbv¡p¶Xv.

1. {kjvSmhpw Ncn{X-¯nsâ hn[mXmhpamb ssZhamWv (5:10) kaql-¯nsâbpw AXnsâ cq]oIcW-¯nsâbpw ASnØm\hpw DdhnShpw. tbiphnsâ ]oUm\p-`hactWm°m\§fneqsSbpw Acq]nbpsS {]hÀ¯\-¯neqsSbpamWv AhÀ ]pXnb kaqlambn-¯oÀ¶ncn¡p¶Xv (1:1þ2; 1:4 þ 2:10). {InkvXobkaqlw ssZh-¯m XncsªSp¡s¸«hcpw AhnSs¯ cà-¯m c£n¡s¸«hcpw (1:1; 1:18þ19) Acq]nbm hnip²oIcn¡s¸«hcpamWv. ]pXnb PohnX-¯nsâ al¯zhpw khntijXIfpw ssNX\yhpamWv AhcpsS {]tXyIXIÄ. Hcn¡Â AhnizmknIfpw C¶v hnizmknIfpw (1:14þ18; 2:7þ10; 3:12þ18) {]tXyIhn[w kvt\lhpw {]Xo£bpw apJap{ZbmbpÅ PohnXssienbpÅhcpamWv.
2. X§fpsS PohnXw kl\s¯bpw {]XnkÔnIsfbpw A`napJoIcnt¡­ kmlNcy-¯nembXn\m kl\-¯n\v AÀ°hpw kmwKXyhpw tXSp¶ ss{IkvXhkaqlamWnXv. AXn\pXIp¶ \nÀt±i§fmWv kl\s¯¡pdn-¨pÅ ]cmaÀi§fn sXfnbp¶Xv. kl\w ssZhhnizmks¯bpw ssZh-¯nepÅ B{ibs¯bpw hfÀ¯pw (1:6þ7; 4:12); ]m]-¯nÂ\n¶v hnip²oIcn¡pIbpw tamNn-¸n¡pIbpw sN¿pw (4:1þ2) þ tbiphnsâ injy\mbncn¡p¶Xn\m A\p-`hnt¡­nhcp¶ kl\w ssZhs¯ al-¯zs¸Sp-¯p¶Xn\pÅ AhkcamWv (4:16). kl\-¯n kt´mjn¡pI (1:6þ8; 4:13), ssZh-¯nsâ ]co£W§fn {]Xo£bpÅhcmbn Pohn¡pI PohnX-¯n iàns¸Sphm\pÅ Ahkcambn kl\§sf ImWphm³ X¿mdmhpI (1:5; 5:7þ10) XpS§nbh CXn\pZmlcW§fmWv. kl\w PohnXbmYmÀ°yamsW¶pw, kl\acW§sf BßZm\-`mht¯msS t\cn« tbipamXrI A\pIcn¡Wsa¶pw kl\w al-¯z-¯ntebv¡pÅ hgnbmsW¶v D]tZin¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p Cu teJ\w (2:18þ25; 3:18þ22; 4:1þ13; 5:1).
3. tbipinjycpsS kaqlamb {InkvXym\nIÄ hnip²amb PohnX-¯nsâ DSaIfmWv. AXv IpSpw_§fnepw kaql-¯nepw {]ISamIWw (2:1þ15; 4:15þ19). ssZh-`b-¯n Pohnt¡­hcmWv AhÀ (1:17; 3:2þ15). cmjv{S-¯nsâ \nba§tfmSpÅ hnt[bXzw (2:11þ25), kaqlPohnX-¯nse \à s]cpamäw (2:11þ12; 3:8; 5:6), IpSpw_-¯nsâ `{ZX, BßZm\]camb PohnXssien (3:1þ7) F¶nh hnip²PohnX-¯nsâ taJeIfmWv. A\pZn\PohnX-¯nsâ taJeIfn hnip²cmbn Pohn¡phm\mWv Blzm\w.
4. k` F¶ ]Zw {]Xy£ambn D]tbmKn¡p¶nsænepw k`mkaqls¯¡pdn-¨pÅ [mcW teJ\-¯n {]ISamWv. k`mwK§Ä kPohineIfmWv. Ahscs¡m­v k` Hcp Bßob`h\ambmWv ]Sp-¯pbÀ¯s¸«ncn¡p¶Xv (2:5þ9) XncsªSp¡s¸« cmPIobhwihpw ]ptcmlnXKWhpw hnip²P\Xbpw ssZh-¯nsâ kz´w P\XbpamWXv (2:17; 5:9). ssZh-¯nsâ c£mIcamb {]hÀ¯\§fpw AXnsâ ]cnWnX-^e§fpw (1:1; 2:5þ16; 5:10) shfnhmIp¶ ssZh-¯nsâ IpSpw_amWXv. AXn\m Dä_Ô-¯nsâ DujvafXbpw kmtlmZcy-¯nsâbpw hnizkvXXbpsSbpw ]ckv]c[mcWbpsSbpw t{]mÕml\-¯nsâbpw hnizk\obXbpsSbpw A´co£hpw k`mkaql-¯n D­mIWsa¶v {KÙImc³ hnh£n¡p¶p.
5. C¶s¯ `mcXob {InkvXobkaql-¯n\v {]kàamb \nÀt±i§fmWv ]t{Xmknsâ H¶mw teJ\-¯n ImWp¶Xv. {Ko¡pImcpsSbpw tdmam¡mcpsSbpw CSbn hkn-¨ncp¶ {]hmknIÄ'F¶p hnfn¡s¸Sp¶ Hcp kaqlamWv Cu teJ\-¯nsâ kzoIÀ¯m¡Ä. AbÂkaql§Ä {InkvXym\nIsfbpw AhcpsS khntijXbmÀ¶ PohnXs¯bpw IuXpIt¯msSbpw hnaÀi\_p²ntbmsSbpamWv

ho£n-¨Xv. X§fnÂ\n¶v hyXykvXamb PohnXssienbpÅhcmbXn\m AhÀ kwibZrjvSntbmsS {InkvXym\nIsf I­ncn¡Ww. CubÀ°-¯n ss{IkvXht_m²yt¯mSpw \ne]mSpItfmSpw XnIª hnizkvXX ]peÀ¯n \à s]cpamä-¯neqsSbpw hnip²PohnX-¯neqsSbpw {]Xo£m\nÀ`camb PohnXho£W-¯neqsSbpw (1:6þ7; 2:12; 3:18þ22; 5:10) tbiphn\p km£nIfmIpI F¶ shÃphnfn ]t{Xmknsâ teJ\w C¶s¯ tbipinjycpsS ap¼n \nc-´cw DbÀ¯p¶p. kl\-¯nsâbpw {]XnkÔnIfpsSbpw \nanj§fnÂt]mepw tbiphnsâ amXrIbne[njvTnXamb PohnX-¯neqsS temI-¯n\p ap¼n {]Imiambn XebpbÀ¯n \nev¡pI hninjvSamb ImcyamWv.

amXrIm tNmZy§Ä

]pd-¸mSv

1.  BcmWv a¶ km£yt]SI-¯n\p ap¼n kq£n-¨ph-¨Xv?
   (a) andnbw (b) tami (c) Altdm³ (d) P\w
2. amkm F¶pw sado_m F¶pw tami t]cn« Øe-¯nsâ bYmÀ° t]sc´v?
   (a) ko³ acp-`qan (b) ImtZjv _ÀsWb (c) d^oZow (d) s_Àtj_m
3. tamibpsS a¡fpsS t]cv?
   (a) FentbkÀ, Kco_v (b) FentbkÀ, KÀtjmw (c) KÀtjmw, Kco_v (d) KÀtjmw, bqZm
4. '\o sN¿p¶Xp icnbÃ'. Bcv BtcmSp ]dªp?
   (a) tami Altdmt\mSv (b) \mYm³ ZmhoZnt\mSv (c) Altdm³ tamitbmSv (d) Pt{Xm tamitbmSv
5. ]¯p{]amW§fn 'HmÀ½n¡pI' F¶ {]tbmKw tNÀ¯n«pÅ {]tabsa´v?
   (a) IÀ¯r\maw (b) hy`nNmcw (c) km_¯v (d) amXm]nXm¡Ä
6. F´psIm­v _en]oTw \nÀ½n¡m\mWv IÀ¯mhv tamitbmSv Bhiys¸Sp¶Xv?
   (a) kzÀ®wsIm­v (b) tZhZmcp sIm­v (c) a®psIm­v (d) shÅnsIm­v
7. 'I®n\p ]Icw I®v, ]Ãn\p]Icw ]Ãv'. A[ymbhpw hmIyhptaXv?
   (a) 19:22 (b) 20:10 (c) 21:24 (d) 22:7
8. '`qcn]£t¯mSp tNÀ¶p Xn· sN¿cpXv'. A[ymbhpw hmIyhptaXv?
   (a) 22:28 (b) 23:2 (c) 24:25 (d) 20:18
9. hÀjwtXmdpw \St¯­XnÃm¯ DÕhw GXv?
   (a) ]pfn-¸nÃm¯ A¸-¯nsâ Xncp\mÄ (b) ]p¯cns¸cp\mÄ (c) kw`cW-¯ncp\mÄ (d) {]XnjvTmXncp\mÄ
10. DS¼Sn Dd-¸n-¨tijw aeapIfnte¡p Ibdnt¸mbhcn s]Sm-¯Xv Bcv?
    (a) Altdm³ (b) lqÀ (c) \mZm_v (d) A_nlp
11. 'GsX¦nepw {]iv\ap­mbm Ahsc kao]n¡phn³'. Bsc?
    (a) tami, tPmjz (b) tami, Fgp]Xpt]À (c) tPmjz, Altdm³ (d) Altdm³, lqÀ

 

hn. a¯mbn FgpXnb kphntijw

1. BcpsS ASbmfamWv ^cntkbcpw kZp¡mbcpw amXrIbmbn kzoIcnt¡­Xv (16:4)
   (a) tbml¶m³ (b) tbm\mbpsS (c) injycpsS (d) tbml¶msâ
2. kzÀ¤cmPy-¯n henbh³ BcmWv?
   (a) injy³ (b) inip¡sft¸mse BIp¶h³ () inip¡sft¸mse
3. tbip Pdot¡mbneqsS IS¶pt]mbt¸mÄ hgnbnencp¶ ............. AÔ-·mÀ At]£n-¨p.
   (a) H¶v (b) c­v (c) A©v (d) \mev
4. 21:1Â tbip Pdpkteans\ kao]n¡th F¯nb Henhpaebv¡cnsIbpÅ Øew GXv?
   (a) _Ym\nb (b) Pdot¡m (c) _Xv^sK (d) s_sÕsaKv
5. ]p\cp°m\ansöv ]dªhÀ BcmWv?
   (a) ^cntkbÀ (b) kZp¡mbÀ (c) ^cntkbcpw kZp¡mbcpw (d) {]amWnIÄ
6. 22:42 {InkvXp BcpsS ]p{X\msW¶mWv hntijn¸n¡p¶Xv?
   (a) A{_ml-¯nsâ (b) butk-¸nsâ (c) ZmhoZnsâ (d) adnb-¯nsâ
7. tbip FhnsSbmbncn¡pt¼mgmWv thZ\bpsS Bcw-`s¯¡pdn¨p ]dªXv?
   (a) Pdpktean (b) Henhpaebn (c) _Ym\nbmbn (d) \Kc-¯nÂ
8. ........... Znhk§Ä t]msebmbncn¡pw a\pjy]p{Xsâ BKa\w
   (a) ZmhoZnsâ (b) tamibpsS (c) t\mlbpsS (d) GenbmbpsS
9. _Ym\nbmbn tbiphns\ ssXem-`ntjIw sNbvXXv BcmWv?
   (a) Hcp kv{Xo (b) aKvZe\ adnbw (c) kqk¶ (d) kteman
10. tZim[n]XnbpsS ]SbmfnIÄ tbiphns\ sIm­pt]mbXv FhntSbv¡mWv?
    (a) ]oemt¯mknsâ ap¼nte¡v {]t¯mdnb-¯nte¡v (d) aebnte¡v (d) KmKp¯mbnte¡v
11. 27:57Â Acna-¯nbm¡mc³ tPmk-^n\v \evIp¶ hntijWw F´mWv?
    (a) injy³ (b) [\nI³ (c) {]amWn (d) ^cntkb³

hn. ]t{Xmkv FgpXnb H¶mw teJ\w

1. BcmsW¶mWv ]t{Xmkv Xs¶¯s¶ hntijn-¸n¡p¶Xv?
   (a) injy³ (b) inatbm³ ]t{Xmkv (c) tbip{InkvXphnsâ A¸kvtXme³ (d) Zmk³
2. kaql-¯n\v hn. ]t{Xmkv Biwkn¡p¶sX-´mWv?
   (a) kam[m\w (b) Ir] (c) hnip²n (d) Ir]bpw kam[m\hpw
3. Ahkm\Ime¯v shfns¸Sp-¯p¶Xv F´mWv?
   (a) c£ (b) hnip²n (c) \njvIf¦X (d) \oXn
4. 1:13Â \evIp¶ D]tZisa-´mWv?
   (a) hnip²cmbncn¡pI (b) FfnabpÅhcmbncn¡pI (c) ØncXbpÅhcmbncn¡pI (d) kaNn-¯XbpÅhcmbncn¡pI
5. 1:18 {InkvXym\nIÄ hos­Sp¡s¸«Xv ...........
   (a) amt½mZokmbneqsSbmWv (b) {InkvXphnsâ AaqeycàwsIm­v (c) {]mÀ°\sIm­v (d) hnip²nsIm­v
6. IÀ¯mhnsâ hN\-¯nsâkhntijX F´mWv?
   (a) \nXyw \ne\nev¡p¶p (b) ]pÂs¡mSn¡p XpeyamWv (c) iànbpÅXmWv (d) hmSn¡cnªpt]mIp¶XmWv
7. `rXy-·mÀ s]cpamtd­Xv?
   (a) IrXyXtbmsS (b) BZcthmsS (c) ip{iqjmat\m-`mht¯msS (d) FfnatbmsS
8. 3:6 A\pkcn¨v kmdm A{_mls¯ hnfn-¨Xv F§s\bmWv?
   (a) \mY³ (b) bPam\³ (c) `rXy³ (d) ]nXmhv
9. `À¯m¡-·mtc, \n§Ä ........ \n§fpsS `mcyamtcmsSm¯v Pohn¡phn³
   (a) kvt\lt¯msS (b) hnthIt¯msS (c) \·tbmsS (d) Ir]tbmsS
10. .............. IjvSXIÄ klnt¡­nh¶m \n§Ä `mKyhm-·mÀ.
    (a) ]mh§Ä¡pth­n (b) kam[m\-¯n\pth­n (c) \oXn¡pth­n (d) acn-¨hÀ¡pth­n
11. hnizkvX ktlmZc³ F¶p hntijn-¸n¡s¸Sp¶Xv BcmWv?
    (a) ]utemkv (b) Xntam¯n (c) knÂhmt\mkv (d) _ÀW_mkv