പുതിയനിയമം ഹെബ്രായർക്കുള്ള ലേഖനം | |
sl{_mbÀ¡pÅ teJ\w dh. tUm. tP¡_v {]kmZv 1. BapJw
{InkvXphns³d ]utcmlnXys¯¡pdn¨v {]ISambn {]Xn]mZn¡p¶ GI ]pXnb\nba]pkvXIamWv sl{_mbÀ¡pÅ teJ\w. ]utemkt¸mkvXe³ Cu hnjb¯nte¡p IS¡p¶nÃ. kphntij§Ä tbiphns\ ]ptcmlnXs\t¶m {][m\]ptcmlnXs\t¶m hntijn¸n¡p¶nÃ. F¶m sl{_mbÀ¡pff teJ\¯ns³d IÀ¯mhv tbiphns\ ]ptcmlnXs\¶pw {][m\]ptcmlnXs\¶pw hnfn¡phm³ hnapJX Im«p¶nÃ. Xs³d {]Xn]mZy¯nse apJyhnjbw {InkvXphns³d ]utcmlnXyamsW¶v teJI³ Xs¶ ]dbp¶p (sl{_m. 81). BbXn\m ]pXnb \nba¯n hfsc X\nabpÅXpw {i²mÀlhpamb Hcp ]pkvXIamWv sl{_mbÀ¡pÅ teJ\w. 2. {KÙIÀ¯mhv sl{_mbÀ¡pÅ teJ\¯ns³d IÀ¯mhv BcmsW¶v IrXyambn AdnbnÃ. tbml¶ms³d H¶mw teJ\samgn¨m teJ\IÀ¯mhns³d t]cpw A\phmNIÀ¡pÅ A`nhmZ\§fpw CÃmsX Bcw`n¡p¶ GI teJ\amWnXv. BZnak`bn NnebnS§fn CXv hn. ]utemkv FgpXnbXmsW¶v IcpXnbncp¶p. F¶m C¶v hymJymXm¡fmcpw Xs¶ CXv ]utemkns³d teJ\ambn IcpXp¶nÃ. ]utemkns³d aäp teJ\§fn \n¶pw hyXykvXamb `mjmssien, cq]LS\, ]gb\nbaw D²cn¡p¶ coXn ssZhimkv{XZÀi\w F¶nh ImWp¶Xn\memWv Cu teJ\w ]utemknt³dXà F¶p IcpXs¸Sphm³ ImcWw. F¶m C¶v an¡ hymJymXm¡fpw IrXyambn Cu teJ\¯ns³d IÀ¯mhns³d t]cv ]dbphm³ hnk½Xn¡p¶p. ]pXnb \nba¯nse Hcp {][m\ ssZhimkv{XPvR\pw \ewXnIª hmKvanbpamWv Cu {KÙImc³. hnip² {KÙ¯n BgapÅ Adnhpw bh\`mjbnepw XXzimkv{X¯nepw ]mWvUnXyhpw t\Snbn«pÅ AbmÄ bh\hnZym`ymkw t\Snbn«pÅ Hcp blqZ ss{IkvXh\m bncp¶ncn¡Ww. 3. BÀ¡pthïn FgpXn {KÙIÀ¯mhns³d t]cv CÃm¯ Cu teJ\w BÀs¡gpXn F¶pw hyàaÃ. 'sl{_mbÀ¡pÅ teJ\w’ F¶ ioÀjIw Gähpw ]g¡apÅ ssIs¿gp¯p {]Xnbn¯s¶ ImWm\mIpsa¦nepw teJ\¯n¯s¶ {]kvXpX ioÀjIs¯ km[pIcn¡p¶ kqN\IfnÃ. {]kvXpX Xes¡«v teJ\IÀ¯mhv Xs¶ \ÂInbXmhm³ km[yXbnÃ. 'sl{_mbÀ' 'blqZÀ''C{kmtb¡mÀ' F¶o ]Z§Ä teJ\¯n ImWp¶nÃ. ]cntOZ\s¯¡pdn¨pÅ kqN\IfpanÃ. AtXkabw ss{IkvXhtcmSmWv (sl{_m. 314) F¶Ã hfsc\mÄ ss{IkvXhcmbncp¶htcmSmWv teJI³ kwkmcn¡p¶Xv (sl{_m. 512). F¶m X§Ä kzoIcn¨ ss{IkvXhhnizmkw Dt]£n¡phm\pÅ Hcp Nn´ Xs³d A\phmNIcn \nÀeo\ambncn¡p¶p F¶p teJI³ Adnbp¶p. AhÀ A{]Imcw Nn´n¡p¶Xv ]pd¯p\n¶pÅ aX]oU\w aqeaÃ. {]XypX ss{IkvXhhnizmkw Bhiys¸Sp¶ DbÀ¶ D¯chmZnXzw GsäSp¡phm\pÅ _p²nap«mWv Ahsc hnizmkXymK¯n\pw hnizmkt¯mSp \nÊwKX ]peÀ¯phm\pw t{]cn¸n¡p¶Xv (21; 414; 61þ2; 1023 32). A¡mcW¯m A\phmNIcpsS ss{IkvXh ssZhhnfnsb iànbpàw _es¸Sp¯pIbpw t{]mÕmln¸n¡pIbpamWv teJIs³d e£yw (23þ4; 31; 414; 1019þ25; 1222þ25; 137þ8). {]kvXpX ]Ým¯e¯nemWv ]pXnb\nbahpw (DS¼Snbpw) ]gb\nbahpw (DS¼Snbpw) X½nepÅ _Ôs¯¡pdn¨v kwkmcn¡m\nShcp¶Xv. am{Xaà A¯cpW¯n Nne kaImenI blqZh¡cW Nn´mKXnIÄs¡Xncmbn teJI³ {]XnIcnt¡ïXmbpw h¶p. C¡mcyamWv ]n¡me¯v teJ\¯n\v 'sl{_mbÀ¡pÅ teJ\w' F¶ t]cn\v B[mcambXv. 4. kmlnXycq]w hfsc {i²tbmSpw Nn«tbmSpwIpsS cNn¡s¸«ncn¡pIbpw {InkvXphns³d ]utcmlnXyw apJy{]tabambncn¡pIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶Xns³d ASnØm\¯n teJ\s¯ Hcp ssZhimkv{XD]\ymkambn IcpXnt¸m¶n«pïv. F¶m {KÙIÀ¯mhv AXns\ Hcp 'BizmkhN\w'/ 'ktµiw'(1322) F¶mWv hntijn¸n¡pI. {]kvXpX hntijWw km[mcWbmbn kn\tKmKpIfn \S¯nbncp¶ {]`mjW§Ä¡mWv \ÂIn h¶ncp¶Xv (A¸. 1315). BbXn\m sl{_mbÀ¡pÅ teJ\w Hcp FgpXs¸« {]`mjWamWv. bYmÀ°¯n ]pXnb \nba¯n Hcp {]`mjWw / {]kwKw AXns³d ]qÀ®cq]¯n sl{_mbÀ¡pÅ teJ\¯n (11þ1321) am{XamWv kq£n¨n«pÅXv. {]kvXpX {]`mjW¯ns³d A´y¯n teJI³ Hcp I¯v Ahkm\n¸n¡p¶ coXnbnepÅ hN\§Ä Iq«ntNÀ¯p (1322 þ 25) 5. cN\mØehpw Imehpw sl{_mbÀ¡pÅ teJ\w FhnsS \n¶v FgpXn F¶Xpw hyàaÃ. 'Cäenbn \n¶pÅhÀ \n§Ä¡p hµ\w ]dbp¶p'. (1324) F¶ hN\¯ns³d ASnØm\¯n AXv tdmambn \n¶v FgpXs¸«ncn¡Ww F¶v IcpXp¶Xv icnbmIWsa¶nÃ. ImcWw teJ\w FgpXs¸« kab¯v {KÙIÀ¯mhns³d IqsS Cäenbn \n¶p h¶hÀ Dïmbncp¶p F¶Xn IpSpX B hN\w AÀ°am¡Wsa¶nÃ. teJ\¯ns³d cN\mImes¯¡pdn¨pw IrXyambn ]dbm\mhnÃ. teJ\ IÀ¯mhv BZyss{IkvXh XeapdbnÂs¸«bmfÃ. ImcWwAbmÄ IÀ¯mhns³d hm¡pIÄ t\cn«v {ihn¨ BfpIfpsS km£ys¯ B{ibn¨mWv FgpXp¶Xv(23); am{Xaà Xs³d A\phmNIÀ hnizmkw kzoIcn¨n«v Aev]\mfmbn«pïpXm\pw (512; 1013). BbXn\m BZyss{IkvXhXeapdbpsS Ime]cn[nbmb F. Un. 60 þ \v ap¼v teJ\w FgpXs¸«ncn¡m³ CSbnÃ. F.Un. 60 þ \p tijw Ft¸mÄ F¶mWv ASp¯ tNmZyw. AXn\p¯cw F. Un. 90 þ \v ap¼mbncn¡Ww F¶t{X. ImcWw90 þ Ifn cNn¡s¸« s¢sa³dns³d H¶mw teJ\w sl{_mbÀ¡pÅ teJ\s¯ D]tbmKs¸Sp¯nbXmbn kqN\bpïv. DZmlcW¯n\v 1s¢sa³dv 361þ5 hscbpÅ hN\§fn sl{_m. 13þ5713 F¶o hN\§Ä {]Xn^en¡p¶Xmbn¡mWmw. A§s\sb¦n F. Un. 60 \pw 90 \pw CSbv¡p cNn¡s¸«Xmbncn¡Ww sl{_mbÀ¡pÅ teJ\w 6. cq]LS\
7. teJ\m]{KY\w 7.1 ssZhnI hN\hpw {]hr¯nbpw BapJhN\§Ä (11þ4) ssZh¯ns³d hN\s¯¡pdn¨pw {]hr¯nsb¡pdn¨pamWv. am\hNcn{X¯nepS\ofw CSs]« ssZhw a\pjytcmSv kwkmcn¡pIbpïmbn. Cu Ahkm\ \mfpIfn ssZhw Xs³d ]p{X³ hgnbmbn am\hcmintbmSv kwkmcn¨p. ssZhw kwkmcn¡pI am{Xaà {]hr¯n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ssZh¯ns³d {]hr¯nsb¶Xv ]m]¯ns³dbpw acW¯ns³dbpw taepÅ hnPbw hcn¡emWv. AXv AhnSps¯ ]p{Xs³d ]oUm\p`h¯neqsSbmWv km[yambXv. AXn\m ssZhhN\hpw ssZh{]hr¯nbpw {InkvXphns³d a[yØXbneqsSbmWv \S¡p¶Xv. {InkvXphneqsSbmWv ssZhw \t½mSp kwkmcn¡pIbpw \s½ c£n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xv. 7.2 {InkvXphns³d alXzw BapJhN\§Ä {InkvXphns³d alXzs¯¡pdn¨v ]dªmWv Ahkm\n¡p¶Xv. {InkvXphns³d alXzs¯¡pdn¨pÅ ]c¼cmKX {]t_m[\w teJI³ AhXcn¸n¡p¶p (15þ218). {InkvXphns³d alXzw AhXcn¸n¡phm³ teJI³ ]gb\nba `mK§Ä D]tbmKs¸Sp¯p¶p (15þ14). Ah\v ]p{X³ (15)BZyPmX³(16)IÀ¯mhv(110)F¶Ã ssZhw(189) F¶ t]cpt]mepw \ÂIm\mIpw. Ah³ FÃm amemJamÀ¡pw D]cnbmWv. 21þ4 hsc hN\§fn tNÀ¯ncn¡p¶ D]tZi¯n\p tijw teJI³ {InkvXphns³d alXz¯ns³d asämcp hit¯¡p hncÂNqïp¶p. Ct¸mÄ ]nXmhns³d he¯p`mK¯v alXzoIrX\mbn D]hnjvS\mbncn¡p¶ (13) {InkvXphn\v FÃmw A[o\amsW¦nepw Ah³ AÂ]t\cw amemJamcnepw Xmgv¯s¸«h\mbncp¶p. Ah³ a\pjy\mbn¯oÀ¶ncp¶p. \½psS c£bpsS apt¶mSnbmIphm³ (210) Ah³ \½psS ktlmZc\mbn (211þ12). Xs³d alXz¯nepw Ah³ a\pjycpsS ktlmZc\mWv.Cu {]Xn]mZy¯ns³d Ahkm\¯n CXphsc tI«n«nÃm¯ ]pXnb Hcp \mawIqsS teJI³ {InkvXphn\v \ÂIp¶p: {][m\]ptcmlnX³ (217). ]utcmlnXy[À½¯ns³d ImX ssZhXncpap¼msI a\pjyÀ¡pthïn am[yØyw hln¡pI F¶t{X. A§s\sb¦n ]oVmkl\¯ns³d A\´c^eambn h¶ alXzoIcWwhgn ]nXmhns³d k¶n[nbnembncn¡p¶ {InkvXphtà am[yØyw hln ¡phm³ IgnhpÅ D¯a\mb {][m\]ptcmlnX³? am[yØywhln¡phm³ Ah³ cïp coXnbn D¯a\mWv : (1) ssZh]p{Xs\¶ \nebn (15þ14); (2) a\pjycpsS ktlmZc³ F¶ \nebnÂ. {InkvXphns³d Cu ]utcmlnXys¯¡pdn¨mWv teJI³ IrXyambpw XpSÀ¶pÅ `mK§fn kwkmcn¡p¶Xv (31þ1018). 7.3 {InkvXp hnizmkyXbpÅ {][m\]ptcmlnX³ 31 þ 414 hscbpÅ `mK¯v teJI³ tbiphns\ A[nImc]pÀÆw \nban¡s¸« {][m\]ptcmlnX\mbn ImWp¶p. ssZhhpambpÅ _Ô¯n t\m¡n¡mWpt¼mÄ Ah³ hnizmkyXbpÅ {][m\]ptcmlnX\mWv (32). Ah³ ssZht¯mSv hnizkvXX ]peÀ¯n F¶XÃadn¨v ssZhhpambpÅ _Ô¯n Ah³ ssZh¯m \ntbmKn¡s¸«h\mIbm hnizmkyX DÅh\mWv. ssZh¯ns³d `h\¯n tamibv¡v Hcp `rXys\¶ \nebn Øm\apïmbncp¶p(35). F¶m {InkvXphn\v ]p{Xs\¶ \nebn ssZh¯ns³d `h\¯ns³dta A[nImcapïv. (36).37 414 hsc D]tZicqt]WbmWv teJI³ FgpXp¶Xv. alXzoIrX\mb Hcp {][m\]ptcmlnX³ssZh]p{X\mb tbip{InkvXp\ap¡pÅXpsImïmWv A{]ImcapÅ Hcp D]tZi¯ns³d km[yX (414). ssZhhN\hpambn _Ôs¸Sp¯nbpamWv Cu D]tZiw AhXcn¸n¨ncn¡p¶Xv. tami hgn \ÂIs¸« ssZhnIhN\w hnizkn¡mXncp¶XpaqeamWv C{kmtb¡mcn NneÀ¡v ssZhnI hn{im´nbpsS Øeamb hmKvZ¯`panbn {]thin¡phm³ km[n¡msX t]mbXv. teJIs³d A\phmNIcmb ss{IkvXhcpw GXmïv AtX ØnXnbnemWv. ssZhcmPyw AhÀ¡p kao]ØamWv. hnizmk]pÀÆw AXn {]thin¡phm³ {InkvXp Ahsc £Wn¡p¶p. F¶m Ahtcm kwibmep¡fmbn \n¡p¶p. C¯cpW¯nemWv ]pXnb \nba¯nse ssZhhN\s¯ kw_Ôn¨ Gähpw {]kn²hpw kpµchpamb hN\w teJI³ FgpXnt¨À¡pI. : 'ssZh¯ns³d hN\w kPohhpw DuÀÖkzehpamWv; CcpXehmfnt\¡mÄ aqÀ¨tbdnbXpw tNX\bnepw BXvamhnepw kÔn_Ô§fnepw aÖbnepw Xpf¨pIbdn lrZb¯ns³d hnNmc§sfbpw \ntbmK§sfbpw hnthNn¡p¶XpamWv' (412) 7.4 A\pI¼mÀ{Z\mb ]ptcmlnX³ ssZh¯m \ntbmKn¡s¸« hnizmkyXbpÅ {][m\]ptcmlnX³ hfsc D¶X\mIbm a\pjycn \n¶p hfsc AI¶ncn¡p¶Xmbn tXm¶ntb¡mw. F¶m 415 510 hscbpÅ hN\§fn {]kvXpX {][m\]ptcmlnX³ a\pjycpambn H¶mbncn¡p¶h\msW¶v teJI³ kaÀ°n¡p¶p. BIbm ssZhnI knwlmk\w C\nta a\pjyÀ¡v A]IStaJebà (Gi. 61 þ 5; ]pd. 1921); {]XypX{InkvXp AhnsS D]hnjvS\mbncn¡p¶Xn\m AXv Ir]bpsS knwlmk\amWv. (416) Xs³d Cu hmZw hnIkn¸n¡p¶Xns³d `mKambn teJI³ BZyw {][m\ ]ptcmlnX³ BcmsW¶v 51þ4 ]dbp¶p. AXn\ptijw B \nÀÆN\w {InkvXphn \ndthdnbXmbn ]dbp¶p (55 10). a\pjycnÂ\n¶p sXcsªSp¡s¸Sp¶ {][m\]ptcmlnX³ ssZhhpambpÅ _Ôw Øm]n¡phm³ thïnbmWv \nban¡s¸Sp¶Xv. (51). a\pjycn \n¶p sXcsªSp¡s¸Sp¶Xn\m ]ptcmlnX\p hn\bt¯msS am{Xta ssZhXncpap¼msI \n¡phm³ ]mSpÅp. A{]Imcw Ah³ Xs³d ktlmZctcmSv tbmPn¨ncn¡pw. C¡mcyamWv {][m\]ptcmlnX\mb tbiphns\¡pdn¨v teJI³ BZyambn ]dbp¶Xv. Ah³ Xs¶¯s¶ alXzs¸Sp¯nbnà (55).F¶m am\pjnI ]cm[o\Xbn ]¦ptNcpI F¶Xv {][m\]ptcmlnXs³d ZuXy¯ns³d Hcp hiw am{Xw. C{]Imcw ]cm[o\X \ndª kmlNcys¯ _enbÀ¸W¯nepsS cq]m´coIcn¡pI F¶XmWv ]ptcmlnXs³d {][m\ ZuXyw. {InkvXphn AXv \nÊwibw \ndthdn. {InkvXp Hcp _en AÀ¸n¡pIbpw AXphgn Ah³ Xs³d ]cm[o\X \ndª kmlNcys¯ cq]m´cs¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXp : 'Ah³ {]mÀ°\Ifpw bmN\Ifpw kaÀ¸n¨p. Ahs³d ssZh`bw apew Ahs³d {]mÀ°\ tI«p' (57). F¶m {InkvXphns³d {]mÀ°\ sshcp²yamÀ¶ Hcp coXnbnemWv {ihn¡s¸«Xv. Ah³ kzbw acWw GsäSp¯psImïmWv acW¯ns³d ta hnPbw hcn¨Xv. AXphgnbmbn ]p{X³ ]nXmhns³d lnXw ]qÀ®ambn A\phÀ¯n¨p. BbXn\m Ahs³d {]mÀ°\ {ihn¡s¸«p. am{Xaà XÂ^eambn {InkvXp ]cn]qÀ®\mb {][m\]ptcmlnX\mbn(59 þ 10). Xs³d _en kzoImcyamIpIbpw AXphgn ]ptcmlnXs³dbpw Xs³d P\\¯ns³dbpw kmlNcyw cq]m´coIcn¡s¸SpIbpw sN¿pt¼mgmWv Hcphs³d ]utcmlnXy¯n\p AÀ°w ssIhcpI. AXv {InkvXphn A\zÀ°ambn. A§s\ {InkvXp ]cn]qÀ®\mb a[yØ\mbn `hn¨p. BbXn\m Ahs\ A\pkcn¡p¶hÀs¡Ãmw Ah³ '\nXyc£bpsS DdhnSambn' (59). 7.5 {InkvXp sa¡nsktZ¡ns³d {Ia{]ImcapÅ ]ptcmlnX³ D]tZis¯¯pSÀ¶v tbiphns³d ]utcmlnXys¯¡pdn¨v teJI³ XpScp¶p. 7þmw A²ymb¯n tbiphns³d ]utcmlnXyw ]gb\nba ]utcmlnXy¯n \n¶p hyXykvXamb H¶mbn Nn{XoIcn¡s¸Sp¶p. 54þ6 þ  tbiphns³d ]utcmlnXys¯ teJI³ Altdms³d ]utcmlnXyt¯mSmWv Xpe\w sNbvXXv. F¶m AhnsS (57) tbip 'sa¡nsktZ¡ns³d {Ia{]Imcw \nXyw ]ptcmlnX³' F¶pIqsS k¦oÀ¯Is\ (1104) D²cn¨psImïv teJI³ ]dªncn¡p¶p. Ct¸mÄ Cu cïmas¯ Imcyw teJI³ khnkvXcw {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. tbiphns³d ]utcmlnXyw Altdmt³dXn \n¶p hyXykvXamWv. AXns\ sa¡nsktZ¡nt³dXnt\mSv Xpe\w sN¿mw. DXv]¯n 14 se AhXcW{]Imcw sa¡nsktZ¡n\v ]nXmthmamXmthm hwi]c¼ctbm CÃ. Ahs³d Znhk§Ä¡p Bcw`tam BbpÊn\p Ahkm\tam CÃ. bYmÀ°¯n C¡mcyw ]gb\nbas¯ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw hnNn{XamWv. ImcWw ]gb\nba¯n ]utcmlnXy¯n\v hwi]c¼c Hcp AhiyLSIambncp¶p. sa¡nsktZ¡ns³d P\\hpw acWhpw DXv]¯n 14 tcJs¸Sp¯p¶nà F¶ hkvXpX At±ls¯ tbiphns³d {]XoIam¡n amäp¶p. ]utcmlnXy hwi]c¼c CsöXpw \nXyamb ]utcmlnXyw Dsï¶Xpw sa¡nsktZ¡ns³d ]utcmlnXy¯ns³d cïp {]tXyIXIfmWv. Cu cïp {]tXyIXIfpw tbiphn A\zÀ°ambn. bpZmbpsS hwi¯n P\n¨ tbiphn\v ]utcmlnXy hwimhen AhImis¸Sphm\mIpambncp¶nà (714 þ 15). ssZh]p{Xs\¶ \nebn Ah³ Ft¶¡pw \ne\n¡p¶Xn\m Ahs³d ]utcmlnXyw \nXyw \ne\n¡p¶Xpw Bbncn¡pw (723þ25). 7.6 k¼qÀ®_en {][m\]ptcmlnXs\¶ \nebn tbip F{]Imcw ]gb\nba _enIfn \n¶p hyXykvXamb _en AÀ¸n¨p F¶v 81 þ 928 hsc ]dbp¶p. C¯cpW¯n teJI³ ]gb\nba¯nse Bcm[\sb hnhcn¡p¶p. Bcm[\\S¶Xv Hcp hnip²Øe¯mWv. AXn\v Hcp ]pds¯ IqSmchpw (92) cïmw hncn¡I¯pÅ AXnhnip²Øehpw Dïmbncp¶p (93). ssZhnI km¶n²yw Dïmbncp¶p F¶p IcpXnbncn¡p¶ Cu cïp Øe¯pw P\¯n\p {]thin¡phm³ A\phmZw Dïmbncp¶nÃ. ImcWw AhÀ¡v thï{X hnip²nDïmbncp¶nÃ. ]ptcmlnXÀ¡v BZyIpSmc¯n {]thin¡mambncp¶p (96). F¶m AXnhnip² Øe¯v hÀj¯nsemcn¡Â am{Xw {][m\]ptcmlnX\p am{Xw {]thin¡mambncp¶p. Xs³dbpw Xs³d P\¯ns³dbpw sXäpIÄ¡pthïn ]cnlmcambn AÀ¸n¡phm\pÅ càhpambmWv {][m\]ptcmlnX³ AhnsS {]thin¨Xv. blpZ Bcm[\bpsS ]caImjvTbmb ]m]]cnlmcZn\¯nse Bcm[\sb¡pdn¨mWv teJI³ ]dbpI. F¶m Cu Bcm[\sb¡pdn¨v F´mWv ]dtbïXv? AÀ¸n¡p¶hs³d A´:IcWw hnip²oIcn¡phm³ IgnhnÃm¯ ImgvNIfpw _enIfpamWv A{]Imcw kaÀ¸n¡s¸«Xv (99). BIbm am[yØyw \S¶nà ssZha\pjy_Ôw Øm]n¡s¸«nÃ. ]gb Bcm[\ `uanI Xe¯nepw Hcp kmZriysa¶ \nebnepw am{Xw \nesImïp (85). am{Xaà ]gb Bcm[\bpambn _Ôs¸«p \n¶ DS¼Snbpw IpdhpIfpÅXmbncp¶p (87 9). ]gb Bcm[\ _豈 Øm]n¡p¶Xn\p]Icw P\hpw ]ptcmlnX\pw _enhkvXphpw ssZhhpw X½n thÀXncnhpIÄ krjvSn¨p. {InkvXp IS¶ph¶v ]gb thÀXncnhpIÄ krjvSn¨ {Ia¯n\v AdpXn hcp¯n (911). Ah³ Ft¶¡pambn {iotImhnen {]thin¨p. AXphgnbmbn Ah³ ]nXmhpambn _Ô¯nembn. AXn\mbn Ah³ Xs³d a\pjyXzs¯ cq]m´coIcnt¡ïnbncp¶p. Xs³d ]oUmkl\¯nepsS Ah³ AXp km[n¨p. ]gb\nba _enIÄ¡v km[n¡mXncp¶Xv (99) {InkvXp Xs³d _enhgn km[n¨p. ]ptcmlnX\pw _enhkvXphpw X½nepÅ thÀXncnhpw CÃmXmbn. Ah³ kz´cà¯neqsSbmWv \nXyc£ km[n¨Xv (912). AXv km[yambXv cïp ImcW§fmemWv. : (1) 'If¦clnX\m'bncp¶Xn\m Ah\p Xs¶¯s¶ kaÀ¸n¡m\mIpambncp¶p; (2) '\nXymXvamhv' Ahs\ AXn\p {]m]vX\m¡n (914). Bcw`w apX X¶n \ndªncp¶ ]cnip²mXvamhv (ep¡m 41) ]cn]qÀ®amb kaÀ¸W¯n\v Ahs\ {]m]vX\m¡n. {InkvXphns³d Cu kaÀ¸Ww Aht\mSpIqsS hnizmkw hgn tNÀ¶p \n¡p¶ \½psSbpw A´:IcWs¯ hnip²oIcn¡pIbpw A{]Imcw \ap¡pw kPohssZhs¯ ip{ipjn¡phm³ {]m]vXn DïmhpIbpw sNbvXp (914). A{]Imcw {InkvXp Xs³d ]oUm\p`h¯nepsS Hcp ]pXnb DS¼SnbpsS a[yØ\mbn (915). 7.7 ]¦phbv¡s¸Sp¶ ]qÀ®X 101 þ 18 hsc teJI³ {InkvXphns³d kaÀ¸Ww hgn h¶p`hn¨ hyXymk¯n\v hoïpw ASnhcbnSp¶p. ]gb DS¼Snbnse ]ptcmlnXÀ ]m]§sf AIäm³ IgnhnÃm¯ _enIfmWv BhÀ¯n¨\phÀ¯n¨ncp¶Xv. F¶m {InkvXp ]m]]cnlmcw \ÂIp¶ GI_en Ft¶¡pambn AÀ¸n¨psImïv (1011 þ 12) ssZhhpambn ]cn]qÀ®_Ô¯nembn. AtXmsSm¸w teJI³ asämcp hkvXpXbpw Ip«nt¨À¡p¶p. AXmbXv{InkvXp Xs³d _en hgn ']cn]pÀ®\m¡s¸«p' F¶v t\ct¯ ]dªncp¶psh¦n (59) hnip²oIcn¨hsc Ah³ ']cn]qÀ®cm¡n' F¶v Ct¸mÄ (1014) teJI³ ]dbp¶p. Ah\v e`n¨ ]cn]qÀ®Xbn Ah³ ss{IkvXhtcbpw `mK`m¡pIfm¡n F¶À°w. 7.8 k·mÀt¤m]tZi§Ä apJy{]tabw C{]Imcw Ahkm\n¸n¨ tijw teJI³ D]tZi¯nte¡p Xncnbp¶p. ta¸dª {]t_m[\§Ä¡v km[mcW PohnX¯n DïmtIï {]Xn^e\§fmWv teJI³ hnhcn¡p¶Xv. tbip Xpd¶p X¶ ]mXbnepsS \ap¡p hnizmkhpw {]Xymibpw kvt\lhpambn AXnhnip²Øet¯¡p IS¶p sNÃmw (1019 þ 25). AtXkabw \mw a\:]qÀÆw ]m]w sN¿mXncn¡phm³ {i²n¡Ww (1026 þ 31). hnizmkXymKw F¶Xmbncn¡Ww ASnØm\]cambn a\:]qÀÆapÅ ]m]w F¶Xp hgn teJI³ Dt±in¡p¶Xv. IgnªIme¯v A\phmNIÀ AhcpsS PvRm\kv\m\¯n\p tijw IjvS¸mSpItfmSv s]mcpXn\n¶hcmWv. BXvac£ {]m]n¡p¶Xn\v C\nbpw hnizmkhpw ØntcmÕmlhpw BhiyamWv (1032 39). 7.9 ]qÀÆnIcpsS hnizmkw hnizmksa¶Xv {]Xymin¡p¶Xp e`n¡psa¶ Dd¸pw ImWs¸Sm¯h Dïv F¶ t_m[yhpamWv (111). ]gb\nba¯nse hnip²À hnizmk¯n\v D¯a DZmlcW§fmWv (112 þ 38). AtXkabw ]gb\nba km£nIÄ hmKvZm\w sN¿s¸«Xp {]m]n¨nÃ. ImcWw \s½¡qSmsX AhÀ ]cn]qÀ®cm¡s¸ScpXv F¶v \nÝbn¨ncp¶ ssZhw \ap¡mbn AÂ]wIpsS t{ijvTambh t\cs¯ Iïph¨ncp¶p (1139 40). 7.10 ØntcmÕml¯ns³d BhiyIX teJI³ Xs³d ktlmZctcmSmhiys¸Sp¶ ØntcmÕml¯ns³d amXrI tbipXs¶bmWv. tbiphns\ ap¶n¡ïpsImïpthWw AhÀ HmSphm³ (121 3). km[mcW PohnX¯nse kl\§sf ssZhnIin£WambnIcpXn Pohn¡Ww (124 13). X§Ä¡p e`n¨ hN\t¯mSv ss{IkvXhÀ hnizkvXX ]men¨m AhÀ¡p \nÝbambpw kpØncamb ssZhcmPyw e`yamIpw (1214 þ 29). 7.11 D]tZi§Ä Ahkm\ambn hnhn[ D]tZi§Ä teJI³ FgpXnt¨À¡p¶p (131 þ 19). KXIme¯v AhtcmSv ssZhhN\w {]kwKn¨ t\Xm¡·mcpsS PohnXNcybpw hnizmkhpw A\pIcn¡phm³ Blzm\w sN¿p¶p. 'tbip{InkvXp C¶sebpw C¶pw F¶pw Htc BÄ Xs¶bmWv' (138) F¶ hkvXpX KXIme¯nte¡p Xncnªp t\m¡p¶Xn\v AÀ°w ]Icp¶p. hnizmknIÄ X§fpsS Ct¸mgs¯ t\Xm¡sfbpw A\pkcn¡Ww. Fs´¶m AhÀ X§fpsS BXvam¡fpsS taÂt\m«w hln¡p¶hcmWv (1317). 7.12 BioÀhmZhpw {]mÀ°\Ifpw {]mÀ°\m]qÀÆIamb BiwkItfmSpw hµ\w ]dbtemSpw IqSn teJI³ D]kwlcn¡p¶p (1320 þ 25). | |
