പുതിയനിയമം വി.യോഹന്നാൻന്റെ സുവിശേഷം

kphntij¯ns³d LS\

Hcp {KÙ¯nt³dtbm IrXnbptStbm LS\ a\Ênem¡pI B IrXnbpsS DÅS¡w a\Ênem¡phm³ A\pt]£WobamWv. AXn\memWv ChnsS kphntij¯ns³d LS\sbIpdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶Xv.hyXykvX§fmb LSI§Ä kphntij]WvUnX³amÀ Cu kphntij¯n Isï¯nbn«psï¦nepw ASnØm\]cambn CXn\v cïv `mK§fmWpÅXv F¶v ]dbp¶Xn XÀ¡anÃ. Cu `mK§Ä FhnsSbmcw`n¡p¶p F¶Xns\¡pdn¨mWv IqSpX kwhmZw. Xmsg ]dbp¶ coXnbn ASnØm\]camb Zzn`mKLS\ hfsc kv]jvSamWv.

BapJw : 1,1 þ 2,11
H¶mw`mKw : 2,1 þ 12,50
cïmw `mK¯n\v BapJw : 11,1þ12,50
cïmw `mKw : 11,1 þ20,29
D]kwlmcw : 20,30 þ 31
A\p_Ôw : 21

BapJ`mK¯n\v hyXykvX§fmb `mK§fpïv 1, 1þ18þ ]Zycq]¯nepÅ BapJ¯n\ptijw 1, 19þ59þ km£ycq]¯nepÅ BapJw (CXn ]ckv]cw _Ôn¸n¡p¶ hmIy§Ä 1, 19, 29, 35, 43). XpSÀ¶v Ncn{Xcq]¯nepÅ BapJamWv (2, 1þ11þ aq¶mw Znhkw). Cu `mKw BapJ¯ns³d Ahkm\hpw H¶mw `mK¯ns³d Bcw`hpamWv Cu hntijWw Xs¶ 11, 12 F¶o A[ymb§Ä¡v \ÂImhp¶XmWv. H¶mw `mKs¯ (2, 1þ12, 50) ASbmf§fpsS `mKsa¶v hnfn¡msa¦n cïmw `mKs¯ alXz¯ns³d `mKsa¶v hntijn¸n¡mhp¶XmWv.

{KÙIÀ¯mhpw cN\mImeL«hpw

Cu cïv Imcy§fpw ]ckv]cw _Ôs¸«hbmWv. {KÙIÀ¯mhp sk_ZnbpsS ]p{X\mb tbml¶m\msW¦n kphntijw H¶mw \qämïn cNn¡s¸«XmWv. {KÙIÀ¯mhv F¶p]dbpt¼mÄ BcpsS B[nImcnI ]mc¼cyamWv CXn\p ]n¶nepÅXv F¶mWv a\Ênemt¡ïXv. AÃmsX B[p\nI[mcWb\pkcn¨pÅ {KÙIÀ¯mhn ({KÙIÀ¯mhv = FgpXnb hyàn) s\bà ChnsS hnh£n¡p¶Xv.

k`m]mc¼cyw ]cntim[n¡pt¼mÄ cïmw \qämïns³d cïmas¯ ]IpXnapXepÅ ]mc¼cyw sk_ZnbpsS ]p{X\mb tbml¶m\mWv Cukphntijw cNn¨Xv F¶v km£ys¸Sp¯p¶pïv. k`m]nXmhmb CctWhqkv (2þmw \qämïv) BWv tbml¶ms³d kphntijs¯¡pdn¨pÅ Cu km£yw \ÂIp¶Xv. A´y¯mgkab¯v IÀ¯mhns³d hjÊn Nmcn¡nS¶, IÀ¯mhns³d injy\mb tbml¶m³ (13, 23; 21, 20 )BWv Cu kphntijw Ft^kqknÂh¨v cNn¨Xv F¶mWv tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶Xv. CctWhqkns³d km£y¯ns³d t{kmXÊv, tbml¶ms\ t\cn«v {ihn¨ kvanÀWbnse sa{Xm\mb t]mfn¡mÀ¸mWv. IqSmsX CuImeL«¯nse aäp ]e km£y§fpw (apdt¯mdnb³ Im\³ 170þ200; AeIvkmWv{Unbmbnse s¢a³dv) CXv ØncoIcn¡p¶Xmbn ImWp¶pïv.

kphntij¯nÂ\n¶pXs¶bpÅ sXfnhpIfpw (Internal evidences) sk_ZnbpsS ]p{X\pw tbiphns³d {]nbs¸« in£y\pamb tbml¶ms\bmWv (tbml.13,23þ26; 19, 25þ27; 20, 2þ10) {KÙIÀ¯mhmbn, AXmbXv, Cu kphntij¯ns³d DdhnSambn (tbml 19, 35, 21, 14) kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv. 'tbiphns³d {]nbs¸« in£y³' A¸kvtXme{]apJ\mb ]t{Xmkns³dIqsS \memw kphntij¯n ImWs¸Sp¶pïv. (tbml 18,15þ16; 20, 2þ10). At±lw k`bpsS s\SpwXqWpIfn Hcmfmbncp¶p (Kem 2, 9). tbiphnt\mSpIqSn {]tXyI Ahkc§fn k¶nlnX\mIm³ sXcsªSp¡s¸« injycn tbml¶m³ Dïmbncp¶p (a¯m 17, 1; aÀt¡m 1, 29; 5, 37; 9, 2 etc). BZnak`bn ]t{Xmkns³d klImcnbmbn ImWs¸Sp¶Xpw tbml¶m³ Xs¶bmWv. (A¸ 3þ4; 8,14). CsXms¡ h¨pt\m¡pt¼mÄ, (tbml 19, 35; 21, 24) sk_ZnbpsS ]p{X\mb tbml¶m\mWv \memw kphntij¯ns³d ]n¶nepÅsX¶v kaÀ°n¡s¸Sp¶p. 21þmw A²ymb¯ns³d Imcy¯n tbml¶ms³d Xs¶ in£y³amÀ Iq«nt¨À¯XmsW¶ A`n{]mb¯n\mWv ap³Xq¡w (21, 24).

cN\mImeL«s¯¡pdn¨v ]dbpt¼mÄ GXm\pw NneImcy§Ä IW¡nseSpt¡ïXmbpïv. Hcphi¯v, Cu kphntijw cïmw \qämïns³d cïmw ]IpXnbn CuPn]vän {]Nmc¯nembncp¶psh¶ Imcyw (QSP_olt 52, 6677) CXns³d cN\ Cu kab¯n\papt¼ \S¶ncp¶Xmbn Nqïn¡mWn¡p¶p. AtXkab¯v, Pdpktew tZhmebw \in¸n¡s¸«Xns³dbpw (tbml 2, 13þ19), kn\tKmKpIfnÂ\n¶p {InkvXpin£ysc ]pd¯m¡p¶Xns³dbpw (tbml 9, 22; 12, 42; 16, 2), ]t{Xmkpw tbml¶m\pw acn¨psh¶Xns³dbpw (tbml 21) kqN\IÄ sXfnbn¡p¶Xv, kphntijw AXns³d ]qÀ(r)cq]¯n {]kn²oIcn¨Xv F.Un. 70 \ptijamWv F¶XmWv. km[mcWbmbn F.Un.90þt\mSSp¯mWv tbml¶ms³d kphntijw AXns³d Ct¸mgs¯ cq]¯n {]kn²oIcn¡s¸«Xv F¶v IcpXs¸Sp¶p.

\memw kphntij¯ns³d B²ymXvanI ]Ým¯ew

GXv B²ymXvanI Nn´IfmWv tbml¶ms³d kphntij¯n\v ]Ým¯eambn \nesImÅp¶sX¶ tNmZyw B kphntijw a\Ênem¡p¶Xn\v klmbIambncn¡pw. AXpsImïmWv A§s\sbmcp At\zjWw Cu {lkz]T\¯n hnjbo`hn¸n¡p¶Xv.

km[mcWbmbn \memw kphntij¯ns³d ]Ým¯eambn FSp¯v ImWn¨ncp¶Xv PvRm\hmZNn´mKXnIÄ (DeZqKaKtk) {Ko¡v BibNn´IÄ, {]tXyIn¨v H¶mw \qämïn {]Npc{]Nmc¯nencp¶ {Ko¡v XXzNn´I\mb t¹tämbpsS Nn´m[mc, _n.kn.\memw \qämïn Bcw`n¨ tkvämbnIv Nn´mKXnIÄ Chsbm¡bmbncp¶p. F¶m Cu Nn´m[mcIfpsS kqjva ]cntim[\bnÂ\n¶v, Chsbm¶pw ]qÀ(r)ambn \memw kphntij¯n\v Bib]Ým¯eambn \nesImÅp¶nÃmsb¶v hyàamIp¶pïv. tbml¶m³ Du¶Â sImSp¯p]dbp¶Xpw, tbml¶m\n ImWp¶Xpamb Nne Bib§Ä `mKoIambn Cu Nn´ItfmSps]mcp¯s¸Sp¶nsænepw AhtbmSp ]qÀ(r) kmcp]yw Hcn¡epw ImWn¡p¶nÃ. AXns³dbÀ°w, Cu Nn´Isfms¡ kphntijI\pw XnI¨pw APvRmXambncps¶¶Ã; tdmam km{amPy¯ns³d `mKambncp¶ ]mekvXo\mbpw, blqZaXhpw, {Ko¡p Nn´IfpsS kzm[o\¯n\v hnt[bambncp¶p. Cu hkvXpX ]gb\nba¯ns³d`mKamb hnPvRm\]pkvXI§fnÂ\n¶v hyàamWv.

tbml¶ms³d B²ymXvanI ]Ým¯eambn \nesImïv ]gb\nbahpw AXn \n¶pSseSp¯ blqZ]mc¼cyhpamWv. CXv ]gb\nba D±cWnIfpsS F(r)¯ns³d shfn¨¯nepÅ Hcp \nKa\aà ImcWw, ]gb\nba D±cWnIÄ aävkphntij§fpambn XmcXays¸Sp¯pt¼mÄ Gähpw Ipdhmbn ImWp¶Xv tbml¶m\nemWv. ]gb\nba¯nse hyànIfptSbpw kw`h§fpsSbpw kqN\IfneqsSbpw (DZm:tbml 1,25= Gi 53; ]pd 12; tbml7,38=Fsk 4,7, k¡ 13; tbml 8,56=A{_lmw; tbml1,51= bmt¡m_v, DXv] 28, 12 ff), ]gb\nba Bib§fpsS D]tbmK¯neqsSbpw ( DZ; AXv`pX§fpw ASbmf§fpw) aäpw tbiphns\bpw tbipkw`hs¯bpw ]gb\nba Nn´mKXnIfpsS ]Ým¯e¯nepw AXns³d ]qÀ¯oIcWambn«pamWv AhXcn¸n¡p¶Xv. Npcp¡¯nÂ, tbip, ]gb\nbahpw AXnÂ\n¶pfhmIp¶ blqZ]mc¼cyhpw hmKvZm\w sNbvX aninlmbmWv (tbml 45, 5, 39þ46; 7, 42; 12, 13þ15). AXpsImïv 'Cu kphntijw AXns³d B[mcamb ]gb \nbaw CÃmsX Nn´mXoXhpw Akm[yhpamWv.'

\memw kphntij¯nse {][m\s¸«ssZhimkv{X Bib§Ä

kphntij¯ns³d Dt±iys¯¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¨t¸mÄ ]dªXpt]mse, {InkvXphnPvRm\nbamWv tbml¶ms³d kphntij¯ns³d DÅS¡w. Cu {InkvXphnPvRm\ob¯nse hyXykvX LSI§Ä¡v {]tXyI Du¶Â sImSp¡pIsb¶Xv tbml¶ms³d {]tXyIXbmWv.

BZnbn ssZh¯ns³d Iq«mbvabn Bbncp¶ hN\¯neqsSbmWv ssZh¯ns³d FÃm shfn]mSpw km[yambXv (tbml 1, 1þ3). Cu hN\amWv a\pjymhXmcw sNbvXXv (tbml 1, 14). hN\w ]nXmhpambn KmV_Ô¯n Ignbp¶p (tbml 1, 18). AXmbXv, tbiphneqsS ]nXmhv FÃmw sN¿p¶p (tbml 5, 19 ff) tbiphns³d {]hÀ¯\§Ä ]nXmhnt³dXmWv (tbml 10,37þ39). ]nXmhv tbiphn ImWs¸Sp¶p. tbip ]nXmhnepw, ]nXmhv tbiphnepw hkn¡p¶p (tbml 14, 9þ11). A¯c¯n tbiphpw ]nXmhpw H¶mWv (tbml 10,30).

kam´ckphntij§fn ImWp¶Xpt]msebpff 'ssZhcmPyw' Aà \memw kphntij¯n tbiphns³d {]tLmjW¯ns³d {][m\mibw. tbip h¶Xv \nXyPnh³ \ÂIp¶Xn\mWv (tbml 10,10). tbiphns³d hm¡pIfpw {]hÀ¯\§fpw PohZmbIamWv (tbml 6,13). tbiphn hnizkn¡p¶Xp aqew a\pjyÀ¡v \nXyPoh³ e`n¡p¶p (tbml 3,16: 5, 24; 20,31). Cu \nXyPoh³ Cu temI¯pXs¶ Bcw`n¡p¶p. A§s\ tbiphns³d kphntijw Pohs³d kphntijamWv (1 tbml 1,1).

tbml¶ms³d bpKm´yNn´IÄ kam´c kphntij§fnteXn \n¶v hyXykvXamWv. tbml¶ms³d ho£W¯n bpKm´yw tbiphns³d hchnt\mSpIqSn kw`hn¨p Ignªp F¶p ]dbp¶XmWv icn. ssZhcmPyw (tbml¶ms³d `mjbnÂþ\nXyPoh³) tbiphn hnizkn¡p¶tXmSpIqSn Hcph\v IcKXambn, Ah³ acW¯ns³d heb¯nÂ\n¶v Pnhs³d taJebn F¯n¡gnªp (tbml 5, 24). Pohs³d taJebn Bbncn¡p¶h³ AXns³d ]qÀ(r)Xbnte¡v {]bmWw sN¿Ww. (tbml 10, 11). C¯c¯n tbml¶ms³d kphntij¯nse bpKm´yNn´mKXn km£mXv¡cn¡s¸« bpKm´ZÀi\ (bmSXKtmv mtaSqZXZp_ ) amWv IqSpX Du¶temsS ImgvNhbv¡p¶Xv. tbip, blqZhnizmkw {]Xo£n¨ncp¶ aninlmbmWv (tbml 1, 41, 4, 25) AXpsImïpXs¶ tbiphns³d aninlmXzs¯¡pdn¨v blqZ A[nImcnIfpw (tbml 7, 52) AhcpsS km[mcW P\§fpw (tbml 7, 25þ31, 40þ43, 12, 34) NÀ¨ sNbvXncp¶p. c£ blqZcn \n¶mWv (tbml 4, 22).

tbiphneqsSbpÅ c£ tbiphns³d PnhnX¯ns³d ^eamWv. AXmbXv, AhnSps¯ PohnX¯nse FÃm {]hÀ¯\§fpw c£Wob§fmWv, acWhpw D°m\hpw AXns³d ]qÀ¯oIcWamWv. tbip Xs³d actWm°m\§fneqsS temIc£I\mWv (tbml 1, 29). Xs³d acW¯neqsS tbip NnXdn¡s¸« P\§sf H¶m¡p¶p. (tbml 11,52), FÃmhtcbpw X¶nte¡mIÀjn¡p¶p.( tbml 12, 32), AXn\mbn, aqi acp`qanbn ]n¯fkÀ¸s¯ DbÀ¯nbt]mse tbiphpw Ipcnin DbÀ¯s¸SWw (tbml 3, 14: 12, 33).

tbiphns³d c£mIc {]hÀ¯\§Ä XpSÀ¶p sImïpt]mIp¶Xv ]cnip²mXvamhmWv. ]cnip²mXvamhv kXyamIp¶ tbiphns³d BXvamhmWv. (tbml 14, 17). Cu tbiphns³d BXvamhv kXy¯ns³d ]qÀ(r)Xbnte¡v \bn¡pIbpw c£mIc ^e§Ä a\pjyÀ¡v kwe_vZam¡pIbpw sN¿pw (tbml 14: 26; 15, 26; 16, 13). Cu BXvamhns\ tbip Xs³d acWt¯msS temI¯n\v {]Zm\w sN¿p¶p (tbml 7, 39; 20,22).

k`sb¡pdn¨pÅ tbml¶ms³d ho£Whpw {]tXyIXbpÅXmWv. kam´ckphntij§fn hnhcn¡p¶ A¸kvtXme³amcpsS hnfnsb¡pdn¨pw XncsªSp¸ns\¡pdn¨pw bmsXm¶pw {]kvXmhn¡msX tbml¶m³ tbiphpw in£y³amcpw X½nepÅ _Ôs¯¡pdn¨mWv ]dbp¶Xv, tbip CSb\pw hnizmknIÄ BSpIfpamWv (tbml 10, 1þ8). tbip ap´ncnhÅnbpw in£y³amÀ AXns³d imJIfpamWv (tbml 15). ChnsSsbÃmw tbml¶m³ Du¶Â sImSp¡p¶Xv tbiphpw hnizmknIfpw X½nepÅ _Ô¯n\mWv k`bpsS LS\bà {][m\w, tbiphpw hnizmknIfpw X½nepÅ Iq«mbvabmWv. hnizmknIÄ tbiphnepw tbip hnizmknIfnepw hkn¡pt¼mÄ AhnsS k`bpïmIp¶p. Cu Iq«mbvabv¡pthïn tbip \nc´cw {]mÀ°n¡p¶p. (tbml 17, 11þ22).

kXyw, {]Imiw, kvt\lw, hnizmkw, temIw, ]pXnb Iev]\, AXv`pX§Ä, ASbmf§Ä apXembhsbIpdn¨v X\Xmb coXnbn tbml¶m³ hnhcn¡p¶pïv. bpKm´y¯n tbiphnepÅ ssZh¯ns³d c£mIcshfn]mSmWv kXyw. A¯c¯n tbip kXyamWv (tbml 14, 6) ; tbiphneqsS kXy¯ns³d [m\w temI¯n\v \ÂIs¸«p (tbml 1, 17). kXyw Adnbp¶h³ kzX{´y\mIp¶p (tbml 8, 32 ff), kXyw a\pjysc c£n¡p¶p. bpKm´y¯nse Bcm[\ kXy¯m \bn¡s¸SWw (tbml 4, 23). AXv kXy¯ns³d Acq]nbm t{]cnXamhpIbpw ssZhhpambn ]nXr_Ô¯nteÀs¸SpIbpw sN¿Ww. (tbml 4, 23þ 24). A¯c¯n ]pXnb \nbassZhmcm[\ {XnssXzIamWv (ToKeKqSoKSe).

IqZmIsf¡pdn¨v {]tXyIn¨v ]cn, IpÀ_m\sb¡pdn¨pÅ tbml¶ms³d ho£Ww {it²bamWv AXns³d Øm]\s¯¡pdns¨m¶pw ]dbp¶nsænepw Bdma²yb¯n tbiphns³d amwkhpw càhpw `£n¡pIbpw ]m\w sN¿pIbpw sN¿p¶Xns\¡pdn¨v AkµnKv²ambn {]Xn]mZn¡p¶pïv. IqZmiIsfÃmw tbiphns³d c£m{]hÀ¯\amb actWm°m\§fpsS XpSÀ¨bpw ^ehpamWv (cf tbml 19, 34). k`bpsS IuZminI PohnXw Ncn{X]cambn tbiphn \n¶v DXv`hn¨XmWv. AÃmsX k`bpsS aXmXvaI A\p`h¯n \n¶v DSseSp¯XÃ.

tbml¶ms³d kphntij¯n tbiphn³d ]oUmkl\s¯bpw acWs¯bpw Ipdn¨pÅ ssZhimkv{Xw {]tXyIw HmÀ½n¡s¸tSïXmWv _mlyambn t\m¡pt¼mÄ kam´c kphntijItcmSv kw`h§fpsS hnhcW¯n GXmïv H¯pt]mIps¶¦nepw ssZhimkv{X ho£W¯n XnI¨pw hyXykvXamb Hcp ZÀi\amWv ImgvNshbv¡p¶Xv. tbml¶ms³d ho£W¯n ]oUmkl\hpw acWhpw D°m\hpw hyXykvX kw`h§fÃ. (]ckv]cw _Ôs¸Sp¯n Iïm Xs¶bpw), {]XypX, Hscmä kw`hamWv. F¶psh¨mÂ, ]oUmkl\¯nepw acW¯nepw Xs¶ tbip D°nXamWv. AXmbXv, ]oUmkl\hpw acWhpw tbiphns³d alXzoIcWamWv. AXv Hcp DbÀ¯s¸S BWv (cf.tbml 11, 4: 7, 8, 16: 12, 23: 17, 1 etc) Cu ImgvN¸mSn\v (cf tbml 7, 37þ39: 12, 16) ]Ým¯eambn \nesImïXv ]gb\nba¯nse Gi¿m {]hmNIs³d 'IÀ¯mhns³d Zmks³d ' Bib ]Ým¯eamWv (cf.Gi 42; A²ymb§Ä 45þ53). ssZhP\¯n\p thïn kln¡pIbpw acn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ IÀ¯mhns³d Zmk³ ssZh¯m DbÀ¯s¸Sp¶h\pw alXzoIrX\pamWv. IÀ¯mhns³d ]oUm\p`h¯ns³d Cu hnPbmXvaI ImgvN¸mSv (DXZoKZlt QSttKZe ) tbml¶ms³d kphntij¯ns³d X\Xmb ho£WamWv ]oUmkl\¯neqsSbpw acW¯neqsSbpw tbip Xs¶tb¸n¨ tPmen ]qÀ¯nbm¡n. (tbml 5, 36:19, 30). am{XaÃ, ]nXmhns\ shfns¸Sp¯p¶Xns³d ]qÀ(r)X AXns³d D¨tImSnbn F¯p¶Xv ]oUmkl\¯nepw acW¯nepamWv. (tbml 8, 28) tbiphns\ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw AXv Xs³d XncpaWn¡qdmWv (tbml 12,23ff: 13, 1:17,1). Gsd\mÄ Im¯p\n¶Xpw F¶m ssZh¯m am{Xw \nÝbn¡s¸«Xpamb aWn¡qÀ tbml 7, 30: 8,20: 13, 1). At¸mgmWv tbiphns³d cmPIob shfn]mSns³d kabw.

tbml¶m\n am{Xw ImWp¶ Nne hnhcW§Ä (]oemt¯mkns³d ap¼n sh¨pÅ tbiphns³d cmPIobXz¯ns³d tNmZyw sN¿Â, tbiphns³d cmPIob hkv{Xw, Ipcnin FgpXnb Ipämtcm]Ws¯¡pdn¨pÅ NÀ¨ XpS§nbh) ]oUmkl\¯ns³d cmPIob ImgvN¸mSns\ ASnhcbn«v {]tLmjn¡p¶p. AXpt]mseXs¶ AXnt\mS\p_Ôn¨v ChnsS Iq«nt¨Àt¡ï H¶mWv tbml¶ms³d Nne hniZmwi§sf¡pdn¨pÅ \ni_vZX. Cu alXzoIrX ImgvN¸mSn\v a§te¡m³ km[yXbpÅ ]e hniZmwi§fpw tbml¶m³ hn«pIfbp¶p DZmlcWw (KÕa\nbnse tbiphns³d Xo{hthZ\ (SpZe_), tbiphns³d acWkab¯pÅ \ncmi tXm¶n¡p¶ \nehnfn, acWkab¯p ImWp¶ AÔImcw.) Cu hkvXpX ]oUm\p`h¯ns³d hnPbmXvaIXbpsS `mKamWv. ]oUmkl\s¯bpw acWs¯bpw tbiphns³d alXzoIcWambn ImWp¶ tbml¶ms³d ho£Wambncn¡mw ]pXnb \nba ssZhimkv{XPvRÀ tbml¶ms³d Hu¶Xys¯ FSp¯pImWn¡p¶ 'Dbc¯n ]d¡p¶ IgpI³' tbml¶ms³d {]XoIambn k¦Â¸n¡m³ ImcWambsX¶v IcpXmw. {]mNo\Imew apXÂs¡ Cu kphntijIs\ 'ssZhimkv{XPvR³' F¶p hnfn¡m\pw Cu Bgtadnb ho£W§Ä \nan¯ambn«pïmbncn¡mw