]pXnb\nbaw tbml¶ms³d teJ\§Ä

'ImtXmenI teJ\§Ä' F¶dnbs¸Sp¶hbpsS Iq«¯nÂs¸«XmWv tbml¶ms³d 3 teJ\§Ä. 'ImtXmenIw' F¶ hm¡n\v kmÀÆ{XnIw, ]qÀ(r)amb F¶À°amWpïmbncp¶Xv. Cu AÀ°¯nemWv ]pXnb \nba¯nse '7' teJ\§Ä hntijn¸n¡s¸«ncp¶Xv. Bcw`¯n tbml¶ms³d H¶mas¯ teJ\s¯bmWv ImtXmenIteJ\w F¶ ]Zw sImïv hntijn¸n¨ncp¶Xv. cïmw \qämïns³d Ahkm\t¯msSbmWv Cu hntijWw tbml¶ms³d teJ\¯n\v BZyw e`n¨Xv. At¸mtfmWobkv F¶ k`m]nXmhmWv tbml¶ms³d teJ\s¯ C{]Imcw hntijn¸n¨Xv. ]n¶oSv, tbml¶ms³d aäv cïv teJ\§fpw C{]Imcw Adnbs¸«p XpS§n.

tbml¶ms³d teJ\§Ä

Bcw`¯n ]pXnb\nba¯nse aäp]e IrXnItfbpw t]mse Cu aq¶pteJ\§epw ioÀjIanÃmsXbmWv {]Ncn¡s¸«ncp¶Xv. cïmw \qämïns³d Ahkm\t¯mSpIqSnbmWv Ct¸mgs¯coXnbn tbml¶ms³d H¶mw teJ\w, cïmw teJ\w, aq¶mw teJ\w F¶pÅ ioÀjI§tfmsS {]Ncn¡s¸«Xv. k`m]mc¼cyhpw tbml¶ms³d kphntijhpambn Cu teJ\§Ä¡pÅ kmayhpamWv Chsb tbml¶ms³d teJ\§Ä F¶v ap{ZIp¯m³ ImcWambXv. cïmw \qämïns³d a[y`mK¯n\p ap¼mbn Cu teJ\§sf¸än GsX¦nepw Xc¯nepÅ km£yw ImWp¶nÃ. cïmw \qämïns³d A´yL«¯n H¶mw teJ\w kphntij{KÙIÀ¯mhmb tbml¶m³ Xs¶ cNn¨XmsW¶v ]e k`m ]nXm¡³amcpw km£ys¸Sp¯p¶p. CctWhqkv, sXÀ¯pÃy³, apdt¯mdnb³ Im\³ (tdma³ k`bn Imt\m\nIambn ]cnKWn¡s¸«ncp¶ ]pXnb \nba ]pkvXI§fpsS enkväv), AeIvkmWv{Unbmbnse s¢a³dv XpS§nbhÀ Cu Iq«¯n s]Sp¶p. F¶m cïpw, aq¶pw teJ\§sf¡pdn¨pÅ km£yw hfsc hncfamWv. aq¶mw \qämïnepw AXn\ptijhpamWv cïpw, aq¶pw teJ\§sfIpdn¨v \mw tIÄ¡p¶Xv. FhptÊ_nbÊns³d A`n{]mb¯n k`m]nXmhmb HcnP\v (253) tbml¶ms³d cïpw aq¶pw teJ\§sf¡pdn¨v Adnbmambncp¶p. HcnPs³d injy\mb Ub\ojykpw tbml¶ms³d cïmas¯bpw aq¶mas¯bpw teJ\§sf¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶pïv. GXmbmepw \memw \qämïns³d Ahkm\t¯mSpIqSn {InkvXobk`IÄ apgph\pw hfsctbsd kwhmZ§Ä¡pw kwib§Ä¡pw tijw tbml¶m³ H¶v, cïv, aq¶v F¶o teJ\§Ä, tbml¶ms³d IrXnIfmbn AwKoIcn¨ncp¶p. cïpw aq¶pw teJ\§Ä hfsc sNdpXpw ssZhimkv{X]cambn A{][m\hpambXpsImïmbncn¡mw BZy \qämïpIfn Ch D±cn¡s¸SmXncp¶Xv.

{KÙIÀ¯mhv

CctWhqkn (cïmw \qämïv) s³d Imew apXse H¶mw teJ\¯ns³d {KÙIÀ¯mhv, \memw kphntij¯ns³d {KÙIÀ¯mhp IqSnbmb sk_ZnbpsS ]p{X³ tbml¶m³ BWv F¶dnbs¸«ncp¶p. cïpw aq¶pw teJ\§sf Ipdn¨v C¡mcy¯n kwib§fpw kwhmZ§fpw Dïmbncps¶¦nepw, Ahbpw tbml¶ms³d Xs¶ IrXnIfmbn«mWv ]mc¼cyw IW¡m¡nbncp¶Xv. teJ\§Ä aq¶pw X½n XmcXays¸Sp¯n t\m¡pt¼mÄ, \½p¡v hyàamIp¶ hkvXpX Ah aq¶pw X½n `mjbnepw ssienbnepw am{XaÃ, Bib]cambpw hfscb[nIw kmayapïv F¶XmWv. cïpw aq¶pw teJ\§Ä¡v HtccoXnbnepÅ Bcw`ssienbpw kam]\ ssienbpamWpÅXv. cïpw FgpXp¶bmÄ kzbw hntijn¸n¡p¶Xv 'k`mt{ijvT³ F¶mWv. Nne ]Z{]tbmK§fpw ssienIfpw (DZm: kXy¯n Pohn¡pI, AXnbmbn kt´mjn¡pI) cïp teJ\§fnepw Hcpt]mse ImWp¶pïv. Chbn \n¶v hyàamIpI cïpw aq¶pw teJ\§Ä Htc {KÙImc³ FgpXnbXmsW¶mWv. H¶p asäm¶ns³d A\pIcWtam, hymPcq]sam BIm\pÅ km[yXbpw Csöp ]dbmw, ImcWw, C{Xbpw sNdpXpw ssZhimkv{X]cambn A{][m\hpamb sNdpteJ\¯ns³d A\pIcWw A{]kàamWv.

cïpw aq¶pw teJ\§Ä H¶mas¯ teJ\hpambn XmcXays¸Sp¯pt¼mÄ `mjbnepw ssienbnepw Bib¯nepapÅ kmayw hyàamWv (1 tbml 1, 17;3,18=3 tbl 3;1 tbml 4,6=3 tbml 11;1 tbml 2,21=2 tbml 4; 1 tbml 4,2=2 tbml 7;2 tbml 4=3 tbml 3). AXpt]mse Xs¶ aq¶p teJ\§fpw, {]tXyIn¨v H¶mw teJ\w, \memas¯ kphntijhpambn XmcXays¸Sp¯pt¼mÄ ChsbÃmw HcphyànbpsSXmsW¶pw ImWn¡p¶pïv. ]pXnb I¸\, kXy¯n \S¡pI, kXyw AndbpI, {]Imi¯n Ncn¡pI, BZnbn \n¶p tI«h, Poh³, ]p{X³, hN\w XpS§nb Bib§Ä tbml¶ms³d kphntij¯nepw teJ\§fnepw Hcpt]mse kp]cnNnX§fmWv. ]pXnb \nba¯n Htc {KÙImcs³dXmb aäv GXv IrXnItf¡mÄ (DZm: eq¡mbpsS kphntijhpw \S]Sn ]pkvXIhpw sXktem\n¡m¡mÀ¡pÅ teJ\§fpw) kmayhpw ASp¸hpw tbml¶ms³d Cu IrXnIfn kv]jvSamWv. AXpsImïv tbml¶ms³d kphntijhpw aq¶p teJ\§fpw Htc {KÙImc\n \n¶v hcp¶hbmsW¶v ]dbmw. AhX½nepÅ hyXymk§Ä kmlNcy§fpsS hyXymk§Ä BWv; AXmbXv kphntijw FgpXnbt¸mÄ Dïmbncp¶ (Ncn{X) ]Ým¯eaà H¶mw teJ\w FgpXnbt¸mÄ Dïmbncp¶Xv. kmlNcy§fpsS amä§Ä AXymhiyapÅ Nne Bibamä§Ä¡pw ImcWambn.

{KÙImcs³d cN\bnepïmb {Iaw BZyw kphntijw, ]n¶oSv, H¶v, cïv, aq¶v teJ\§Ä F¶ coXnbn Bbncp¶psh¶p am\n¡mw, {]tXyIn¨v kphntij cN\bv¡p tijamWv teJ\§Ä FgpXnbsX¶v kmcw. ImcWw, kphntij¯nse Nne Bib§fpsS ]cnNbhpw Adnhpw teJI³ AXns³d hmb\¡mcn k¦Â¸n¡p¶pïv. (1 tbml 2,13). kphntij kXy§sf a\Ênem¡p¶Xn h¶ ]mI¸ngbv¡v Hcp {]XnIcWhpw sXäpXncp¯epambn«mWv teJ\§Ä \ne\n¡p¶Xv (1 tbml 2, 26; 2 tbml 6þ11. aq¶p teJ\§fpsSbpw cN\ Htckab¯v \S¶Xsænepw AhX½nepÅ AI¨ A{X hepXÃ. ImcWw, Htc ImcyamWv {]Xn]mZ\ hnjbw; H¶mw teJ\¯n hymP{]hmNI³amcpsS {]hÀ¯\s¯ ]än ]dbp¶psï¦n (1 tbml 2,18 ff ) Cu `hnjy¯v kw`hn¡mXncn¡m\pÅ ap¶dnbn¸mWv cïmas¯ teJ\¯n (2 tbml 10þ11) {KÙImc³ \ÂIp¶Xv. kabhyXymks¯¡mÄ IqSpXembn, ØehyXymkamWv ChnsS ImWp¶Xv.

teJ\cN\bpsS Ahkchpw ImcW§fpw

B[nImcnIambn {]tLmjn¨ kphntij¯n\v (4þmw kphntijw) sXämb hymJym\§Ä \ÂIns¡mïv kphntij hXv¡cn¡s¸« kaql¯n hnLv\w hcp¯nshbv¡pIbpw hnizknIsf hgnsXän¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ hn`mKob Nn´Icn \n¶p k`sbbpw kphntij¯nepÅ AXns³d Iq«mbvasbbpw Im¯pkq£n¡m\mWv {KÙImc³ DZyan¡p¶Xv. sXämb {InkvXphnPvRm\ob Nn´Ifpw (1 tbml 2, 22þ23 ; 4, 2þ3; 5,5þ6; 2 tbml 7;3 tbml 9þ10), AXn \n¶pXv`hn¡p¶ sXämb [mÀ½nIXbpw (1 tbml 1,6,8,10; 2; 4,9; 3,17þ18) ]Tn¸n¨ncp¶ Cu hn`mKob Nn´Isc 'A´n{InkvXp' (1 tbml 2,18 ff)F¶mWv {KÙImc³ hntijn¸n¡p¶Xv. Cu Xn·bn \n¶v k`sb kwc£n¡pIbpw icnbmb kphntij kXyw AndbpIbpw ]Tn¸n¡pIbpamWv teJIs³d Dt±iyw. C¯c¯nepÅ {]iv\§Ä BZna k`bn ]ebnS¯pw Dïmbncp¶Xmbn«v ]pXnb \nbahpw (sImtfm 2,8ff; 1 Xntam 1,6þ7; 4,1þ3) BZyIme k`m]nXm¡³amcpw (cf. At´ymIymbnse CtKv\jykv, ^nemsUÂ^nbImÀ¡pÅ teJ\w 6,1; kvanÀ(r)bnse k`bvs¡gpXnb teJ\w 5,2 etc) tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«pïv.

H¶mw teJ\¯nse {]kà Nn´IÄ

tbml¶ms³d H¶mw teJ\¯n hyXykvXImcy§Ä {]Xn]mZn¡s¸Sp¶psï¦nepw AXnse Bib§sfÃmw ASnØm\]camb Hcp Bib¯ns³d `mKambn«mWv \nesImÅp¶Xv. Cu ASnØm\]camb Bibw {InkvXob Iq«mbvabmWv. AXns³d {]tLmjWamWv teJ\¯ns³d DÅS¡w.

{InkvXob Iq«mbva ]nXmhmb ssZhhpambn«mWv (1 tbml 1 1þ4). ssZhamIs« {]Imihpw (1 tbml 1,5þ2,28), \oXnbpw (1 tbml 2,29; 3,7), kvt\lhp (4,8) amWv. tbiphns³d c£mIc{]hÀ¯\¯neqsSbmWv ssZh¯ns³d Cu Iq«mbva km£mXv¡cn¡s¸Sp¶Xv (1,7; 2,2; 4,9þ10). tbiphns³d cà¯m ip²oIcn¡s¸Sp¶hÀ Cu Iq«mbvabn ]¦ptNcp¶Xv {]Imi¯ns³d a¡fmbn Pohn¡pt¼mgpw {InkvXob ssNX\yw A\pkcn¨v {]hÀ¯n¡pt¼mgpamWv. ktlmZcs\ shdp¡p¶h³ AÔImc¯n Pohn¡p¶p, AXmbXv, {]ImIamb ssZh¯ns³d Iq«mbvabneà (2,9) Ah³ Ignbp¶Xv. Ah\n tbiphmIp¶ kXy¯ns³d Acq]n IpSnsImÅp¶nÃ. (3,24; 4,1þ6).

{InkvXob Iq«mbvabn Pohn¡p¶hÀ ssZha¡fmWv. ssZh¯n P\n¡p¶h³ ]m]w sN¿p¶nà (3,9þ10;5,18). Ah³ acW¯ns³d heb¯n \n¶v Poh\nte¡v IS¶p Ignªp (3,14). kvt\l¯n hkn¡pt¼mÄ Iq«mbva ]qÀ¯nIcn¡s¸SpIbpw ZrVamIpIbpw sN¿p¶p (4,12,17).

kvt\lhpw hnizmkhpw ssZhIev]\IfpsS \ndthdepw ]ckv]cw _Ôs¸«XmWv. H¶ns\ asäm¶n \n¶v amän \nÀ¯pI km[yaà (5,1þ5). tbiphnepÅ hnizmkw, tbiphns³d kvt\l¯ns³d I¸\ ]qÀ¯nIcn¡p¶XneqsSbmWv {]ISamIp¶Xv (3,23þ24). ImWs¸Sm¯ ssZh¯ns³d Iq«mbvabnepÅ PohnXhpw hfÀ¨bpw ImWs¸Sp¶ ktlmZcsc \nkzmÀ°ambn kvt\ln¡p¶XneqsS bmYmÀ°yamIp¶p.

{InkvXob Iq«mbva Dt]£n¡p¶h³ A´n{InkvXphmWv (2,18 ff). Ah³ ]nXmhns\bpw ]p{Xs\bpw Andbp¶nÃ. ]m]w sN¿p¶h\pw A\oXn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶h\pw, ktlmZcs\ shdp¡p¶h\pw, Cu Iq«mbva A\p`hn¡p¶nà (3,46; 3,10).