വിശുദ്ധ ലൂക്കാ അറിയിച്ച സുവിശേഷം

hN\¯ns³d hfÀ¨

kphntij{]hÀ¯\¯nemWv. hN\¯ns³d hfÀ¨bnemWv c£ (bmb tbip{InkvXp) ]pXnb taJeIfnte¡v Abbv¡s¸SpI. hN\¯ns³d hfÀ¨kphntij{]hÀ¯\¯ns³d hfÀ¨c£bpsS Abbv¡s¸S k`bpsS hfÀ¨bn ^e{]m]vXnbnse¯p¶p (A¸ 247;1422). c£mNcn{Xw kphntij{]hÀ¯\¯ns³dbpw k`mhfÀ¨bpsSbpw Ncn{Xw IqSnbmIp¶p.{Ko¡vþblqZNcn{X§fpsS kt½f\w.. 'kIe a\pjycpw ssZh¯ns³d c£ ImWpw' F¶ ssZh]²Xn / ssZh¯ns³d hN\w (Gi 403þ5; eq¡m 34þ6) tbip{InkvXphn ]qÀ¯n bmb Ncn{Xw (IY) cNn¡m³ eq¡m ]gb \nba¯nse (Xncp{KÙ¯nse) c£mNcn{XhnhcW§fpsSbpw Xs³d Imes¯ bh\ Ncn{XcN\IfpsSbpw cN\mkhntijXIÄ kaRvPkambn kt½fn¸n¨p. {Ko¡pImcpsS aXk¦ ev]§fpsSbpw {Ko¡pssZhimkv{XPvR·mcmb IhnIÄ ]dªn«pÅXn s³dbpw ]qÀ¯oIcWambn tbip{InkvXphns\ AhXcn¸n¡m\pw {i²n¨p (A¸ 1722þ28). ssZhw \ndthänb c£bpsS Ncn{Xw eq¡m Xs³d Imes¯ bh\ Ncn{XcN\IÄ¡p kam\amb Hcp Ncn{XcN\bmbn FgpXn. hN\km £yip{iqjbv¡v eq¡m kzoIcn¨ Cu kao]\coXn temI¯nse hyXy kvX§fmb kwkvImc§fpsSbpw a\pjykaql§fpsSbpw aXm\pbmbnI fpsSbpw CSbn hN\¯n\p km£yip{iqj \nÀhln¡p¶Xn kZm hym]rXbmbncn¡p¶ {InkvXob k` {]tXyIw {i²nt¡ïXmWv. kIe a\pjycpsSbpw c£bv¡pÅ Xs³d ]²Xn ssZhw tbip{InkvXphn ]qÀ ¯nbm¡nb Ncn{Xw temINcn{X¯nt³dXmsW¶v eq¡m cN\hgn kaÀ°n ¡p¶p. tbip{InkvXphns³dbpw k`bpsSbpw c£mIcip{iqjbpsS Ncn{Xw temINcn{X¯ns³d `mKamWv. temIhpw AXnse kIe k¼¶XIfpw aqey§fpw ssZh¯ns³d c£m]²XnbpsS ]qÀ¯oIcW¯ns³d taJe bnÂs¸Sp¶hbmWv. AXn tbip{InkvXphns³dbpw Ahs³d XpSÀ¨bmb k`bpsSbpw c£mIcip{iqjbpsS AÀ° hpw {]m[m\yhpw a\knem¡n k`bpw k`mwK§fpw km£yip{iqj \nÀhln¡Ww. k` hN\¯n\p km£yip{iqj \nÀhln¡p¶ kwkvImc§fpsSbpw a\pjykaql§fp sSbpw aXm\pbmbnIfpsSbpw ssienIfn kzoImcyambhsbÃmw {]tbm P\s¸Sp¯n Xs³d ZuXyw \ndthäWw. AhbneqsSbpÅ ssZhkwkmcw {ihn¡bpw AsX{]Xn Ahsb hneaXn¡bpw sNbvXpsImïv Xs³d km£yip{iqj \nÀhln¡Ww.'... kIe a\pjycpw ssZh¯ns³d c£ ImWpw' F¶ ssZh]²Xn (Gi 403þ5; eq¡m 34þ6) tbip{InkvXphn ]qÀ¯nbmbn F¶ CXn hr¯w (IY) A\mhcWw sN¿phm³ eq¡m At\Iw kmlnXykt¦X§fpweq¡mbpsS kphntijs¯¡pdn¨pÅ eLp]T\¯n Nne {][m\ {]ta b§Ä NÀ¨ sNbvXncp¶Xv HmÀ¡patÃm). \mSIobX eq¡mbpsS cN\bpsS Hcp s]mXpcoXnbmWv. \mSIobX apän\n¡p¶ F¸ntkmUpIÄ tImÀ ¯nW¡nbmWv eq¡m tI{µIY AhXcn¸n¡pI. At\ym\yw sImcp¯n« At\Iw IYIfneqsSbmWv tI{µIY (CXnhr¯w) BhnjvIcn¡pI. IY hmbn¡p¶hscÃmw AXnse IYm]m{X§fmbn {]XnIcn¡m³ t{]cn¸n ¡p¶ cN\bmWv eq¡mbptSXv. 'R§Ä / Rm³ F´p sN¿Ww' F¶v tNmZn¡p¶hsc IYmhnhcW¯ns³d Bcw`w apX (eq¡m 310þ14; A¸ 1630) ImWmw. eq¡mbpsS kphntij¯nsebpw At¸mkvXe{]hÀ¯\§ fnsebpw Hmtcm D]IYbpw hmIyhpw hmbn¡pt¼mÄ hmbn¡p¶hÀ 'R §Ä / Rm³ F´p sN¿Ww'F¶ tNmZyw X§tfmSpXs¶ BhÀ¯n¡Ww. tI{µIYbpw D]IYIfpw '\½psSbnSbn \ndthäs¸« Imcy§fmWv ' (eq¡m 11). hnizmk{]t_m[\w e`n¨hÀ Ahbv¡v A\ycmbn \n¶psImïv hmbn¨m eq¡m ]dbp¶ kphntij¡Y ^e{]ZamInÃ.cïp hmey§fpsS DÅS¡hpw apJyIYm]m{XhpwIÀ¯mhpw c£I\pw c£bpamb tbip{InkvXphn ssZhw ]qÀ¯n bm¡nb c£ tbip{InkvXphns³d Imes¯ (blqZcmPyambncp¶) ]e kvXo\mbpsS hSt¡bäamb Keoen apX (eq¡m 414þ15.16þ30) AblqZ cpsS (hnPmXnbcpsS) tI{µambncp¶ tdmam hsc (A¸ 2811þ31) F¯nb IYbmWv cïp hmey§fnembn eq¡m hnhcn¡pIsb¶p apIfn ]dªp htÃm. ssZh¯ns³d kmÀhP\o\ c£m]²Xn ]qÀ¯nbm¡nb tbip{In kvXphns³d ip{iqj apX cïv L«§fpïv c£mhN\¯n\v eq¡m sN¿p ¶ km£yip{iqjbv¡v. H¶ma¯Xv tbip{InkvXp t\cn«v Cu temI¯n (Xs³d Imes¯ ]ekvXo\mbnÂ) ip{iqj sNbvX L«w.

ip{iqj ]qÀ¯n bm¡n kzÀKmtcmlWw sNbvX Ah³ ]cnip²mXvamhn k`bn k¶nln X\mbncp¶v k`bneqsS ip{iqj sN¿p¶Xv cïmw L«w. Xm³ ]qÀ¯nbm ¡nb ssZhc£m]²Xn XpScphm³ DbÀs¯gpt¶ä IÀ¯mhmb tbip{In kvXp A¸kvtXmenI t\XrXzapÅ k`bv¡v ZuXytaev]n¨p. X\n¡vv tem ImXnÀ¯nItfmfw (= AblqZcpsS \m«nÂ) km£nIfmIWsa¶v DbÀ s¯gpt¶ä IÀ¯mhmb tbip{InkvXp At¸mkvXe·mÀ¡v Iev]\ \ÂIn (eq¡m 2447þ49;A¸ 16þ8). AX\pkcn¨v k` km£yip{iqj XpSÀ ¶psImïncn¡p¶p. A§s\ '... kIe a\pjycpw ssZh¯ns³d c£ ImWpw' F¶ ssZh]²Xn (Gi 403þ5; eq¡m 34þ6) tbip{InkvXphn ]qÀ¯nbmbXv XpSÀ¶psImïncn¡p¶p (A¸ 2816þ31). H¶mwL« ip{iqjbpsSAXmbXv tbip t\cn«v ip{iqj ]qÀ¯nbm¡nbXns³dhnhcWamWv H¶mw hmeyamWv eq¡m FgpXnb kphntijw. cïmw L« ¯nse ip{iqjbpsSAXmbXv DbÀs¯gpt¶ä IÀ¯mhmb tbip{InkvXp ]cnip²mXvamhns\ \ÂInb k`bneqsS ip{iqj XpScp¶Xns³dhnhcW amWv cïmw hmeyw þþ At¸mkvXe{]hÀ¯\§Ä. cïv L«¯nepw tbip {InkvXphmWv apJy {]hÀ¯I³. H¶mw L«¯n tbip Cu temI¯n a\pjyÀ¡v t\cn«v Zriyamb hn[w. cïmw L«¯n Cu temI¯n\v AZriy\mbn kzÀK¯n ]nXmhns³d heXp`mK¯mbncp¶psImïv ]cnip ²mXvamhn k`bneqsS {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p.eq¡mbpsS kphntij¯ns³d cq]tcJkphntij¯ns³d s]mXphmb DÅS¡wc£bpw c£I\pamb tbip{InkvXphn ssZhw ]qÀ¯nbm¡nb c£ tbip{InkvXphns³d Imes¯ ]ekvXo\mbpsS hSt¡bäamb Keoen apX (eq¡m 414þ15. 16þ30) AblqZcpsS (hnPmXnbcpsS) tI{µambncp¶ tdmam hsc (A¸ 2811þ31) F¯nb IYbmWv cïp hmey§fnembn eq¡m hnhcn¡pIsb¶p ]dªphtÃm. IÀ¯mhpw c£I\pw c£bpamb tbip {InkvXp Xs³d Imes¯ ]ekvXo\mbn þþ hS¡v Keoenbn XpS§n Keoenbnepw sXm«Sp¯pÅ GXm\pw hnPmXnb {]tZi§fnepw sX¡v bqZbmbpsS XeØm\amb Pdpktean hsc (eq¡m 414..2453;A¸ 1036..42) þþ t\cn«v ]ckyambn Zcn{ZtcmSp kphntijw Adnbn¨v ssZhcmPyip {iqj (ssZhnIc£m]²Xn¡v ip{iqj) sNbvX IYbmWv H¶mw hmey amb kphntij¯n hnhcn¡pI. tbip ip{iqj actWm°m\¯n ]qÀ¯nbm¡n kzÀKmtcmlWw sNbvXp. Xm³ ]qÀ¯nbm¡nb c£m]²Xn Xs³d kzÀKmtcmlW¯n\p tijw XpScphm\pÅ ZuXyw Ah³ Pdpkte an h¨v At¸mkvXekwL¯ns³d t\XrXzapÅ injyKWs¯ `ctaev]n ¡pIbpwAhÀ¡v {]hÀ¯\iànbmbn ]cnip²mXvamhns\ \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXp (eq¡m 2247þ49;A¸ 16þ8;21þ3). tbip{InkvXp t\cn«p sNbvX kphntijthebpsS Hcp s]mXp Nn{Xw \ÂIp¶p eq¡mbpsS kphntijw (kphntijhnhcWw þþ H¶mw hmeyw). AXnse IYIsfÃmw '\½psSbnS bn \ndthäs¸« Imcy§Ä' BIp¶p.kphntij¯ns³d s]mXp LS\kIe a\pjycpw ssZh¯ns³d c£ ImWphm\pÅ c£mIc]²Xn tbip{InkvXphn ]qÀ¯nbmbXns\¡pdn¨pÅ eq¡mbpsS hnhcW¯ns³d H¶mw hmeyw (11þ4: BapJ{]kvXmh\sbmgnsI) apJyambn cïp `mK§ fmbn Xncn¡mw: tbip{InkvXphns³d ]cky ip{iqjbv¡v ]Ým¯ehpw Hcp¡hpw (15þ413) F¶pwAh³ bqZbmtZiw (blqZcpsS tZiw) apgph³ \ndthänb ip{iqjbpsS hnhcWw F¶pw. Hmtcm¶pw hoïpw ]e D]hn`mK§fmbn Xncn¡mhp¶XpamWv.

11þ4: BapJ{]kvXmh\ (cïp hmey¯n\pw s]mXphmWv).1) 15þ413: tbip{InkvXphns³d ]cky PohnX¯ns³d ]Ým¯ehpw Hcp¡hpw2) 414þ2453: c£bpw c£I\pamb tbip{InkvXphns³d ]cky ip{iqj bqZbmtZiw (blqZcpsS tZiw) apgph³BapJ{]kvXmh\ (11þ4)eq¡m F´v FgpXp¶phnhc§fpsS DdhnSw (Ah FhnsS \n¶p e`n¨p)BÀ¡v FgpXp¶p (cN\bpsS e£yw)cN\ \nÀhln¡m³ eq¡mcN\bpsS DÅS¡w: '\½psSbnSbn \ndthäs¸« (= ssZhw \ndthänb; ]n.H.kn: \ndthdnb) Imcy§fpsS hnhcWamWv cïp hmey §fn eq¡m FgpXnbn«pÅXv. tI{µIYbpw AXmhnjvIcn¡p¶ D]IY IfpamWv '\½psSbnSbn \ndthäs¸« Imcy§Ä.' Ah '... kIe a\pjycpw ssZh¯ns³d c£ ImWpw'(eq¡m 34þ6) F¶pÅ ssZh¯ns³d c£mIc]²XnbpsS ]qÀ¯oIcW¯ns³d hniZoIcW§fmWvv.Cu hnhc§fpsS DdhnSw: eq¡mbv¡v hnhc§Ä e`n¨Xv '\½psSbn Sbn \ndthäs¸« Imcy§fpsS hnhcW'sagpXm³ eq¡mbv¡p ap¼v {ian¨n«pÅ At\IcpsS cN\Ifn \n¶pw aäv DdhnS§fn \n¶pamWv. A¡q«¯n aÀt¡mkns³d kphntijwkphntijsagpXm³ a¯mbn¡v klmbIamb DdhnSweq¡mbv¡p am{Xw e`yamb hmsamgntbm hcsam gntbm Bb Nne DdhnS§Ä F¶nhsbÃmapïv. {]hmNI{KÙ§fpw (]gb \nbahpw) Dïv. A{]Imcw e`n¨ Imcy§Ä 'BZnapX hN\ ¯ns³d ZrIvkm£nIfpw ip{iqjIcpw Bbns¡mïncp¶hÀ (]n.H.kn: Bbncp¶hÀ) \ap¡v Gev]n¨p X¶n«pÅX\pkcn¨mWv' (eq¡m 12). {]hm NI·mÀ tbml¶m³ \{kb\mb tbip{InkvXp Ahs³d At¸mkvXe·mÀ F¶nhscÃmw A¡q«¯nÂs¸Spw (A¸ 1036þ43). 'hN\w' F¶ ]Z ¯n\v eq¡mbpsS cN\bnepÅ AÀ°w apIfn hniZam¡nbn«pïtÃm. eq¡m hN\¯n\p km£yip{iqj sN¿p¶Xv X\n¡v ssZh¯ns³d c£mI c]²Xnsb¡pdn¨pwAXn tbip{InkvXphns³d tI{µØm\s¯¡p dn¨pwhcsamgnbmbpw hmsamgnbmbpw e`n¨ k`m]mc¼cy¯n Imep d¸n¨psImïmWv. BZnapX hN\s¯ IïhÀ AXn\p \ÂIns¡mïncp¶ km£yiq{iqjbneqsS e`n¨XmWv ]mc¼cyw. AXmbXv BZnapXepÅ hN\ip{iqjm]mc¼cy¯n \n¶mWvv eq¡mbv¡v hnhc§Ä e`n¨Xv. AXn eq¡mbpsS k`bpsS hN\ip{iqjm]mc¼cy¯n\v {]tXyI Øm\apïv. eq¡m hnhcn¡p¶ kw`h§Ä ]eXpw Xs³d k`bnepw Iï XmWv. kIe a\pjycpw ssZh¯ns³d c£ ImWm\pÅ ]²Xn ssZhw tbip{InkvXphn ]qÀ¯nbm¡nsb¶v X§fpsS kaImeo\ a\pjykaq l§tfmSp km£n¡phm³ k`mhnizmknIsf {]tNmZn¸n¡phm³ ]cym]vX amb km£yip{iqj k`sbm¶msIbpw {]tXyIw \nbpàcmbhcpw \nÀhln¡Wsa¶v eq¡m hN\¯n\p sN¿p¶ km£yip{iqjbneqsS Blzm\w sN¿p¶p.eq¡mbpsS kw`mh\: 'FÃm Imcy§fpw {]mcw`w apXÂt¡ kq£va ambn ]cntim[n¨Xn\p tijw FÃmw {Iaambn FgpXp¶p.' DdhnS§fn \n¶p e`n¨ hnhc§sfÃmw Xncpshgp¯pambn (]gb \nbat¯mSv) H¯p t\m¡n ]cntim[n¨p (A¸ 1711). Xncp{KÙ¯n ]dªn«pÅX\pkcn ¨mWv FÃm Imcy§fpw \ndthä s¸«sX¶v XoÀ¨bm¡n. 'FÃmw {Iaambn' FgpXp¶p. kw`h§Ä¡v ]ckv]chpw Xncp{KÙt¯mSpapÅ _Ôw Øm]n¨pwssZh]²Xn¡\pkrXambmWv FÃm Imcy§fpw \ndthdnb sX¶p kv]jvSam¡nbpw eq¡m FgpXp¶p. ssZhhN\t¯mSp hnizkvXam bpw ssZh]²Xn¡\pkcn¨pw Imcy§Ä \S¡p¶XnemWv {Iaw.BÀ¡v FgpXp¶p? 't{ijvT\mb sXtbm^ntemkv' F¶v eq¡m Xs³d A\phmNIs\ kwt_m[\ sN¿p¶p. kaql¯n D¶X Øm\ob\mb Hcmfmbncn¡Ww sXtbm^ntemkv. bh\]mc¼cy¯n s]«h\mbncn ¡Ww. {InkvXob hnizmk{]t_m[\w kzoIcn¨ AblqZcnÂs¸«hcpsS {]Xn\n[nbmWv. sXtbm^ntemkv F¶ hm¡ns³d AÀ°w ssZh¯n s³d kvt\lnX³ F¶mWv. ssZhw kvt\ln¡p¶h\pw ssZhs¯ kvt\ln ¡p¶h\pw. ssZhw kvt\ln¡p¶p F¶dnªv ssZhs¯ kvt\ln¡p¶ hsc e£yam¡n eq¡m 'hnhcWw' FgpXp¶p. koamXoXamWv eq¡m e£yam¡p¶ A\phmNIkaqlw. Fs¶ / \s½ ssZhw kvt\ln¡p¶p F¶dnªv ssZht¯mSpÅ kvt\l¯m t{]cnXcmbn hmbn¨mte eq¡m hN\¯n\v hcsamgnbn sNbvXn«pÅ km£yip{iqj icnbmbn Bkz Zn¡m³ km[n¡q.cN\bpsS Dt±iw: '\ns¶]Tn¸n¨n«pÅ hN\§fpsS hnizkvXsb¡p dn¨p \n\¡p t_m²yw hcm\mWv.' (14). kIe a\pjyÀ¡pw thïnbpÅ ssZh¯ns³d c£mIc]²Xn tbip{InkvXphn ]qÀ¯nbmbnA¸kvtXm enIkwL¯n ASnØm\anSs¸« k` AXp XpSÀ¶psImïncn¡p¶p; AblqZscbpw (hnPmXnbscbpw) ssZhw AXnepÄs¸Sp¯nbn«pï;v Ah scbpw ssZhw Xs³d km£m C{kmtben DÄs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶p F¶n hsbÃmapÄs¸Sp¶ {InkvXob hnizmkImcy§fn {]t_m[\w e`n¨ blqtZXc{InkvXym\nIsf hnizmk¯n ØncoIcn¨v kphntij{]hÀ ¯\¯n\p {]tNmZn¸n¡m\mWv eq¡m Xs³d cN\ \S¯nbXv. Xncp{KÙ ¯n ]dªn«pÅX\pkcn¨pw ssZh]²Xn¡\pkrXambpamWv FÃm Imcy §fpw \ndthdnbsX¶p kv]jvSam¡pI. {]t_m[n¸n¡s¸« Imcy§sfÃmw hnizk\obsa¶v Dd¸p \ÂIpI. kIe a\pjyÀ¡pw thïnbpÅ Xs³d ]²Xn ssZhw tbip{InkvXphn ]qÀ¯nbm¡nbXv FÃm a\pjycpw ImWp¶Xv XpSÀ¶psImïncn¡Ww. AXn\v hnizmknkaqlw FÃmhtcmSpw ssZhcmPyw {]kwKn¡pIbpw IÀ¯mhmb tbip{InkvXphns\¡pdn¨v \nÀ_m[w ss[cy]qÀhw ]Tn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXpsImïncn¡Ww (A¸ 2823þ31). eq¡m hnhcn¡p¶ kw`h§Ä \½psSbnSbnepw \ndthäs]« hbpw C¶pw C\nbpw XpSÀ¶psImïncnt¡ïhbpamWv (A¸ 2830þ31). \ap¡p e`n¨n«pÅ hnizmk{]t_m[\¯n ØncoIrXcmIm\pw hÀ²n tXmXvkmlt¯msS kphntij{]hÀ¯\w XpSÀ¶psImïncn¡m\pw eq¡m bpsS kphntij¯ns³dbpw At¸mkvXe{]hÀ¯\§fpsSbpw hmb\ \s½ {]tNmZn¸n¡pw.`mKw 1. tbip{InkvXphns³d ]cky PohnX¯ns³d ]Ým¯ehpw Hcp¡hpw (15þ413): Cu `mKw hoïpw cïv {][m\ D]hn`mK§fmbn Xncn ¡mw (1) 15þ252: ssZhnIhmKvZm\§fpsS ]qÀ¯oIcW¯ns³d Bcw`hnhc Ww; (2) 31þ413: ]ckyPohnX¯n\p (]ckyip{iqjbv¡p) thïnbpÅ tbiphns³d ASp¯ Hcp¡w.

(`mKw 11) 15þ252: ssZhnIhmKvZm\§fpsS ]qÀ¯oIcW¯ns³d Bcw`amb Nne kw`h§Ä:

am\pjnIamb Fs´Ãmw XSk§fpïm bmepwssZhlnXw \ndthäp¶hsc¦nepw ]oUn¸n¡s¸Sp¶ Xs³d \oXn jvTcneqsS (= [ÀanjvTcneqsS) ssZhw kIe a\pjycv¡pw thïnbpÅ Xs³d c£mIchmKvZm\w \ndthäpsa¶Xns³d ASbmf§fpw Bcw`hpambn ssZhw\ndthänb Nne hmKvZm\]qÀ¯oIcW§Ä hnhcn¡p¶p. A¯cw kw`h §fmWv tbip{InkvXphns³d apt¶mSnbpw hgnsbmcp¡pImc\pamb tbml ¶ms³dbpw ttbip{InkvXphns³dbpw P\\§fpw _meyImehfÀ¨bpw.

tbml¶ms³d amXm]nXm¡·mcmb kJdnbbpw Genkt_¯pw ]ptcmlnX IpSpw_§fnÂs¸«hcmbncp¶p. ssZh¯ns³d ap¼n \oXn jvTcpw (= [ÀanjvTcpw) IÀ¯mhns³d Iev]\Ifpw {]amW§fpw ]men¡p¶ hcpw. ]t£ a¡fnÃmbva \nan¯w thZ\n¡pIbpw ]oUn¸n¡s¸SpIbpw sNbvXhcmbncp¶p (eq¡m 125). F¶n«pw X§fpsS [Àaw \ndthäp¶Xn AhÀ hogvN hcp¯nbnÃ. am\pjnIambn Akm²yambncp¶ Imcyw ssZhw {]tXyIw CSs]«v AhÀ¡v km[n¨psImSp¯p (eq¡m 17.30). adnbw I\yI bpw ]pcpjs\ Adnbm¯hfpambncp¶ AhØbn KÀ`w [cn¡pI XoÀ ¯pw Akm²yamWv. AhÄ IÀ¯mhv ]dbp¶Xp A£cw{]Xn hnizkn ¡pIbpw Hmtcm kµÀ`¯nepw Ah³ ]dbp¶Xp (IÀ¯mhns³d hm¡p) am{Xw X¶n \ndthdm³ B{Kln¡pIbpw sNbvX IÀXrZmknbmWv. AhÄ henbh\pw AXyp¶Xs³d ]p{X\pw ZmhoZns³d knwlmk\¯ns³d \nXy `cWm[n]\pambhs\ KÀ`w [cn¨p {]khn¡p¶Xn\v Ahfn ssZhw tbml¶ms³d amXm]nXm¡·mcn {]hÀ¯n¨Xn s\¡mÄ henb Imcyw sNbvXp (eq¡m 128þ38þ56). Ah ssZhw ' Xs³d ImcpWyw A\pkva cn¨psImïv Xs³d Zmk\mb C{kmtbens\ klmbn¨Xns³d XpSÀ¨bmWv. C{kmtben s³d ]nXm¡·mcmb A{_lmant\mSpw k´XnItfmSpw Ft¶¡pambn sNbvX hmKvZm\w A\pkvacn¡p¶XmWv (= {]hÀ¯n¡p¶XmWv)' (eq¡m 154þ55.72þ73). kIe P\XIÄ¡pw thïn c£sbmcp¡pw F¶pÅ hmKvZm\w IÀ¯mhv \ndthäp¶Xv Ahs³d `àcmb ZmkÀ¡v ImWm\nSbm Ip¶Xns³d `mKhpw Bcw`hpamWv (eq¡ 229þ32).

hmKvZm\]qÀ¯oIcW¯ns³d Bcw`kw`h§Ä Ggv {][m\ F¸n tkmUpIfn AhXcn¸n¡p¶p: (1) IÀ¯mhns³d (tbiphns³d) apt¶m Snbpw hgnsbmcp¡pImc\pamb tbml¶ms³d P\\s¯¡pdn¨v A¸³ kJdnbmtbmSpÅ ssZh¯ns³d hmKvZm\w (eq¡m 15þ25)(2) ssZhw ZmhoZn t\mSp sNbvXncp¶ hmKvZm\w ]qÀ¯oIcn¨psImïv tbip P\n¡psa¶v A½ I\yIadnbant\mSpÅ hmKvZm\w (eq¡m 126þ38)(3) KÀ`nWnIfmb cïv A½amcpsSbpw A`napJ¯neqsS KÀ`Øinip¡fpsS A`napJw ((eq¡m 139þ56)(4) tbml¶ms³d P\\¯ns³d F«mw Znhks¯ \ma IcWhpw (eq¡m 157þ79; ip{iqjbv¡p {]m]vX\mIm³ thïnbpÅ iniphns³d hfÀ¨bpw (eq¡m 180)(5) tbiphns³d P\\w (eq¡m 21þ20)(6) tbiphns³d ]cntÑZ\wþkaÀ¸Ww (eq¡m 221þ38)(7) Xs³d (kzÀ Kob)]nXmhns³d `h\¯nembncn¡m\pÅh\mWv Xms\¶v Xs³d `uanI amXm]nXm¡·mscbpw aäpÅhscbpw ]Tn¸n¡m³ tbip bphXz¯nte¡p {]thin¨t¸mÄ s]klms¸cp\mfn\v ]nXmhns³d `uanI`h\amb Pdpkew tZhmeb¯nte¡p XoÀ°mS\w t]mbn AhnsSbmbncp¶Xpw (eq¡m 239þ55; ip{iqjbv¡p {]m]vX\mIm³ tbiphns³d hfÀ¨bpapĸsS (eq¡m 252þ53).

eq¡m 15þ253se IYm{IaoIcW¯ns³d apJyamb Dt±iw kIe a\pjyÀ¡pw thïnbpÅ ssZh¯ns³d c£mIc]²XnbpsS ]qÀ¯oIc W¯n tbip{InkvXphns³d AXpeyamb hyànXz¯ns³dbpw ]ckyPo hnX¯ns³dbpw (= ip{iqjbpsSbpw) A\\yamb tI{µØm\w AhXcn¸n ¡pIbmWv.